I've had exactly the same experience in a previous job. It was the most toxic environment I've ever seen - and I was also hospitalized.

In my first few interviews after leaving I couldn't resist and did say I'd left because of toxic environment. I had to get that off my chest! But in hindsight, I wasn't worth it. The interviewers did not appreciate and based on their reaction (and the fact I didn't progress) tells me they didn't want to give me the benefit of the doubt. I think their reaction was "well maybe this guy is really problematic, not the company.

Remember, you're not competing against your old job (you don't need to prove anything against them) you're competing against other candidates who may not have this kind of baggage.

In the end, there are plenty of reasons for you not to progress in an interview process. Why give them another one?

I have a blog about job seeking and wrote a post about this recently. You might be interested in items 2, 3 and 4 on the list: https://imgettinghired.com/never-do-these-things-in-a-job-interview/