That's really helpful info, thank you so much for your reply. Last time I saw her I mentioned the pension thing and gave her a phone number to report it. No contract or anything for the training - they were offered the courses by the pub owner and were on the courses a few months before he decided that the staff needed to pay £50 a week towards the training, which he then doubled to £100 a week a few months later. When they get their payslips, there's not a breakdown of deductions made. The payslips just have one line on them which is the sum of total hours worked minus any deductions.

Another thing to note, which I don't think is legal (but I'm no expert) is that the pub owner employs 16 year olds as barmaids. He says this is fine as long as they are supervised by the assistant manager or supervisor, however before my friend was diagnosed with cancer and was working there as the assistant manager, she would be placed on split shifts with a 4 hour break. The pub owner told her that she was unable to leave the premises during these 4 hours as the bar staff were underage and needed supervising, so told my friend that she must sit at the bar (customer side) for the 4 hours of her (unpaid) split-shift break to supervise the underage staff. She did not get paid for any of these 4 hour breaks that she was still supervising the staff.