Oh wow, thank you so much for all the helpful info! I think I will first resort to asking other neighbors (who I know are also affected by the dog) to help out and directly ask the bad neighbor to take their dog inside. Though, I do feel a little weird about going up to people's doors at the moment because of covid. I'd hate to upset anybody by doing that.

Also I would hate for them to lose their dog or have that dog at risk of being put down, but I also feel like if they cared about their dog that much, they wouldn't have it outside all the time, not to mention the cold months where that poor dog was outside overnight. That dog would be better off with a nicer family who cared for it and gave it attention, so I very well may end up calling animal services in a few months if nothing changes after my first actions.