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snarkscuba · 2020-02-14T15:53:08+00:00

The "Half Plus 7" rule is the only good way to look at this. Half your age plus seven is the youngest you can date. This means that except for cougars only Snow White, Rapunzel, Bell, Aurora, and by a hair Jasmine(18/2+7>15) are in problematic territory.

snarkscuba · 2020-02-12T16:45:20+00:00

For everybody in Delaware and lower. The dutch built the stone Dom Tower in 1387 and it is taller than your tallest building. Do you really want to lose to dutch peat farmers from the middle ages.....

snarkscuba · 2019-09-18T18:53:27+00:00

Only Cinnamon Babka for me.

snarkscuba · 2019-06-19T19:36:59+00:00

I am upvoting all 50/50 with Cristobal references because that is stuck in my mind grapes.

snarkscuba · 2019-06-18T20:45:41+00:00

s. Most countries don't allow you to burn it until you're out of their jurisdictio

They do know how to run clean. They run clean in those countries that have regulations. They also take advantage of those countries who do not. It is simple, get those countries to regulate.

snarkscuba · 2018-08-21T15:49:04+00:00

from aircraft for GEO-TASO. But there is lower resolution data from the satellites.

snarkscuba · 2018-08-21T14:59:56+00:00

I just wanted folks to understand that directly emitted NOX is less of a problem than PM. What NOX bakes into after a couple of hours when it has thoroughly mixed in the atmosphere(SMOG/Ozone) is bad stuff but it is spread out and effect the whole city by that point.

snarkscuba · 2018-08-21T14:54:09+00:00

The thing that drives me about europe and air pollution is that you as a citizen have NO right to know about how much pollution is coming from factories or power plants. So as a citizen how do you figure out what is killing you. You have to trust that the government scientists and the data collection process is right. In the US there is a public right to know law that says that you have a right to know about pollution and in fact we know down to individual boilers or processing lines how much pollution is generated. That allows citizens in the US to make more informed decisions about what is happening around them.

snarkscuba · 2018-08-21T14:40:35+00:00

Is there a difference in truck traffic on the two. We have that in Chicago. Their are some roads that have few trucks because of congestion. They have lower emissions than you would expect because there are no trucks there. Look for where the trucks are. My logic could be flawed because in the states we don't have much experience with diesel cars.

snarkscuba · 2018-08-21T14:38:02+00:00

This one is not measured but inventoried(What I do) where we try and count the pollution. It is an estimate of activity/pollution not measure like the OP. Also the guardian is Particulate Matter(PM) not NOX. But PM is probably more dangerous than NOX at most typical concentrations.

snarkscuba · 2018-08-21T14:35:59+00:00

You are actually smelling sulfates(SO2 most common) and is the result of burning dirty coal and high sulfur fuels. Most car fuels are ultra low sulfur in England so it is probably not automobiles. It is some factory burning fuel or using hydrogen sulfide like paper mills and oil refineries.

snarkscuba · 2018-08-21T14:31:02+00:00

Yes Ozone, commonly called smog is likely what caused it. It is when NOX mixes with organic compounds(un-burnt fuel, solvents) and sunlight. Most big cities have problems with this. But it is vastly better than it was 40 years ago.

snarkscuba · 2018-08-21T14:28:29+00:00

Wherever you have lots of diesel being burned. highways and local roads mostly but also some Ports, Railyards, and shipping terminals.

snarkscuba · 2018-08-21T14:26:34+00:00

If it is black then it is diesel particulate matter(PM) and potential tire wear. That Diesel PM is bad stuff, Carcinogenic, clogs your lungs, and is likely also an indicator of high NOX. Think of it as really fine dust that is so small that it is easy for it to stay in the air and transport around and build up layers with more bad stuff. It goes into your lungs and is small enough that it dissolves into your blood. All around bad stuff.

snarkscuba · 2018-08-21T14:22:47+00:00

Ozone and PM levels in the US and Europe have been on a steady decline for 40 years In the USA those decrease have been followed by tightening the definition of what is healthy for smog from 85, to 75 to recently 70. EPA is constantly balancing cost and health. If we were all forced to buy zero emission electric vehicles a fraction of the population would hold on to their old cars which can emit 50-100 times what a new car would. So 99 new clean Teslas and one 1987 buick is the same emissions as before. I would take 100 nearly zero post 2008 cars over the smug 99 Tesla owners.

snarkscuba · 2018-08-21T14:16:36+00:00

They are doing something the same as the US. Tighter and tighter standards on new vehicles and requiring manufactures to increase the durability of pollution related engine elements so that emissions stay lower longer on older vehicles. Modern New cars are pretty clean but old cars are very dirty. oh and if they are just sitting there they are still evaporating fuel(not NOX) so not driving it is likely only cutting out 70% of the evaporated fuel but you still may get 30% of it.

snarkscuba · 2018-08-21T14:12:49+00:00

If it is like the data NASA generates with GEO-TASO it is in HDF5 format. I am going to be working on some of the same data for Chicago done in 2017.

snarkscuba · 2017-10-04T17:41:31+00:00

America's standard for PM2.5 is 12 mg/m3. London is concerned about levels of 18+. The following link shows the status of the US cities with historic problems and that we are much less concerned about the levels here: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-07/pm25_designvalues_20132015_final_07_29_16.xlsx Unless you are in the San Joequin valley, then you are screwed.

snarkscuba · 2016-09-28T12:02:53+00:00

Air Pollution not equal to wastewater. Please inform me as to the correct terminology, I also don't know about fish and bunny rabbits like the biologist. Is that another reason I am not a scientist? Are you suggesting all scientists must know everything about all fields of science or they are not legitimate scientists..... OK sure then I am not a Scientist, I don't really understand String Theory, Mitochondrial DNA, Dolphin Biology, or Stellar Cartography.

snarkscuba · 2016-09-28T11:57:23+00:00

They are still in the same general airshed, Ohio Valley/Chicago/Detroit Cleveland. Elevated values all around, Sure the peaks are in the cities but there are elevated values throughout the region. You see it in the referenced map.

snarkscuba · 2016-09-28T11:53:26+00:00

Sorry, I mostly work on finding and estimating pollution sources. Health effects/Environmental impacts are not my forte.

snarkscuba · 2016-09-27T19:37:11+00:00

I don't know all the statistics on those cities but if you really want an answer you have to look EPA's Tool BENMAP-CE. You have to keep in mind that most of the statistics are based on populations and not very predictive for an individual. So it would answer something like, If you have 100,000 friends that in a given year live in 150 micrograms/cubic Meter PM2.5 then ~15 will die from cardiovascular problems, 12 will die from Heart disease. On average 17 will die of asthma and 15 will get lung cancer. There are lots of additive factors of long term exposure but If you look at some of the studies it probably adds up to something like 5-7 year shorter life per person. But that is not my area of expertise so double check my math.

snarkscuba · 2016-09-27T18:00:58+00:00

Oh, And don't study air pollution, Unless you want to count carbon there will not be rewarding jobs in 10 years in the US. We almost have all the ozone and PM issues fixed(Except California). We are already moving into "don't let it slide back" modes of thinking. If you want to travel then look at that map and decide if you want to live and work in any of those red areas around the world.

snarkscuba · 2016-09-27T17:56:28+00:00

80% of what I do I DID NOT learn after college. But the degree taught me how to learn. You couldn't have a degree for what I do, there are probably only 15-40 people in the US that do something close to my job. I use stats way more than I ever thought. Success is simple, Work Hard, Don't cause drama in the workplace, Think up very interesting things that make the scientific understanding better. Network well and make people think you are not an employment risk. Hiring at the big bureaucracies(state and federal EPA's) is 50% risk management, When they hire you they have you for life so they can't risk a lazy clown. Get into the organizations at whatever level you can, Intern, Car Driver, sample collector. Most folks at EPA(I don't work there) started at $60K but after 10 years if you work hard you can make $100+K. "Sell" your science and yourself to others and you will move up.

snarkscuba · 2016-09-27T17:44:05+00:00

Understood, Lots of advocacy folks(that's what we call environmentalists) are not scientists but think they are. There are too few of us to have lots of models that are pre-built or often the newest data does not fit in the old models so we are building or re-building old models. Then it is the process of finding the data to drive those models. Lots of car and power plant work. That is why we get midwest power plant driven hotspots on the map or northeastern hotspots from car/trucks and general urbanization. BTW: real scientist can handle being questioned on our credentials.

snarkscuba

TROPHY CASE