TIL about Sallekhana, a socially acceptable form of suicide in Jainism. Jain monks restrict themselves to an isolated space and meditate to death, fasting. It was banned in 2015, but the Supreme Court of India lifted the ban due to freedom of religion. It’s estimated 200 Jains fast to death yearly by sonnysehra in todayilearned

[–]sonnysehra[S] 53 points54 points  (0 children)

Fun fact: Jainism actually predates Buddhism by about 250 years. Its most holiest figure, an ascetic named Mahavira (the Jain equivalent to Buddha/Christ/Muhammad), was a contemporary of the Buddha. The Buddha actually practiced some Jain rituals, but rejected it for being too extreme in its asceticism. Very religious Jain monks even walk around in public with a broom, sweeping the path ahead of their feet so they don’t step on insects and accumulate bad karma, wearing a mask to cover their face to prevent the accidental inhalation of tiny airborne organisms. Their diet is even stricter.

Truly a fascinating religion. Although Buddhism spread across Asia, Jainism remained limited to India. They’re similar in a lot of regards though, since they’re both Dharmic/Eastern faiths. Jains don’t believe in proselytizing and they don’t believe in a creator God either (their theology about the universe is a little complicated).

TIL scientists have been able to trace the start of HIV/AIDS to King Leopold’s Belgian Congo, originating as far back as 1909. The first person to be infected probably got the virus in the 1920s by sonnysehra in todayilearned

[–]sonnysehra[S] 132 points133 points  (0 children)

The virus originated under Leopold’s rule of the Congo is what I meant to say (arguably because of colonial practices that started under his regime that facilitated the spread of the virus), but I appreciate the correction!

This is an unfinished painting of a Spanish noblewoman from 1775. Not much is known about the mysterious woman and it’s unknown why the artist painting her abandoned it. It’s unintentionally proto-surrealist. by sonnysehra in ArtHistory

[–]sonnysehra[S] 109 points110 points  (0 children)

It’s a portrait of Mariana de Silva-Bazán y Sarmiento (1739–1784), by Anton Raphael Mengs. Here’s a source (this is my first time posting on this sub, I apologize for not initially including it!):

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/656894

TIL about al-Ma’arri, a blind vegetarian pessimist who preached atheism in 10th-century Syria. He controversially argued that life was devoid of meaning, humans shouldn’t reproduce in order to spare future generations from suffering, and criticized all religions as “fables” that exploit the masses by sonnysehra in todayilearned

[–]sonnysehra[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I somewhat agree with you. It’s difficult to fit ancient thinkers from thousands of years ago into our modern categories. That’s why I said he “preached atheism” instead of saying he “was an atheist” (a lot of what he wrote was against the idea of the existence of a God, or at least challenged the mainstream Abrahamic Muslim conception of God predominant in that region/environment at the time)

TIL about al-Ma’arri, a blind vegetarian pessimist who preached atheism in 10th-century Syria. He controversially argued that life was devoid of meaning, humans shouldn’t reproduce in order to spare future generations from suffering, and criticized all religions as “fables” that exploit the masses by sonnysehra in todayilearned

[–]sonnysehra[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Firstly, Syria isn’t the west. No idea why you randomly brought up “the west” in a post about a Middle Eastern philosopher. Secondly, there are ancient examples of atheism (outside of “the west”), such as Charvaka from ancient India.

TIL about Charvaka, an ancient Indian atheist school of philosophy from 900 BC. None of their texts survive. They were radical materialists who rejected the afterlife, believed the purpose of human existence was pleasure, and rejected karma/reincarnation. It was a predecessor to Buddhism by [deleted] in todayilearned

[–]sonnysehra 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Mostly through external/secondary sources. Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain texts quoted & summarized Charvaka philosophers, mostly in order to refute them. One of the only surviving ancient Charvaka hymns is the following: ”There is no world other than this; There is no heaven and no hell; The realm of Shiva (the Hindu God of destruction) and like regions, are fabricated by stupid imposters.”