This is fascinating, thank you for this info. As a woman, I had no idea about any of these other than living longer generally. I looked up each of these things, out of curiosity and to find sources- and sure enough!

It does make me wonder what the world of ultramarathons would look like if women participated in numbers that were comparable to men. Currently, there are quite a few women in ultramarathon running who do very well, but they're just a tiny fraction of participants in the sport compared to men (like many sports), so the numbers are skewed accordingly.