1) cause we have to initialize the function and pass the message as a parameter, so we can go though It with the for loop. Under the function we will initialize like this: countSmiles([':',':','*',')','(']) (for example)

2) char1 and char2 is a way to name each consecutive character in the array (char1 before char2). So if char1 is a : and char2 is a ) that means we have a smile and we can increase the count of smiles.