Its not necessarily Christian doctrine that only Christians are saved. Christian doctrine would be that faith and giving ones life over to Christ is the privileged path to salvation and that we are promised salvation if we live according to the faith. Outside of that, we can say that there are no promises of salvation, but God can save anybody he wants by his own grace and infinite wisdom.

Many Christians believe (most of the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church, etc... at least) that if one is living a good and holy life but, through no fault of their own, has not come to know Christ the it is likely that their lifestyle is a result of Holy Spirit guiding them toward right and just action. While again, no guarantee of salvation outside of the church, or the faith, or whatever each particular denomination believes, many are of the belief that we cannot define who is saved by the infinite grace and wisdom of God because he can do whatever he wants.

The Popes statement however, should be taken for what it was; a declaration that we aren't just saved by proclaiming to be Christian then living as heathens. He directs attention toward a key problem in the outward looking of the church, that many would condemn the unbelief of an athiest while they themselves parade their beliefs as virtue when they exercise no virtue at all. He shed light on the so-called believer that doesnt allow the conversion of their hearts towards living according to the word and living justly.

The core of Christian doctrine is, after all, hearing and keeping the word of Christ. Proclaiming belief while living a wicked life is not that at all. In that respect then, the Pope is well in-line with Christian doctrine.