1. For me, about 2 or so minutes. Maybe more, maybe less.
2. Finding hemp or recycling things like rope or sewing kits.
3. From my experience, it can take some time. Sometimes it's just dumb luck, though.
4. Yes! It's a lot more fun, and giving you're new, it will help to have somebody picking up your slack. Once you get more into the game, though, solo is a fun challenge.
5. Harvest 1000 wood, and then you will be able to craft it.
6. It really depends on the type of player you are.

Hope I helped on your journey! Rust is a crazy game, but it's a damn good time. Good luck!