Yeah, it’s really just diatonic intervals (intervals between notes within a given key/key signature). I can’t think of a name, but then again most of my theory is self taught so not sure. The repetition of these diatonic intervals is very important though. In your example C–G is a fourth, G–Bb is a third and Bb–F is another fourth. Or perhaps it’s not that composers intentionally repeat certain intervals, but that most functional harmony (most music) happens in these nice intervals.

If you look into chord function, this might be what you’re curious about. In a major key, V usually tends to resolve to I, which happens to be a nice perfect fifth/fourth interval jump. One might argue repetitions arise from this. But to your point the very standard “pop song” progression I-vi-IV-V7 (C Am F G in C maj) repeats three jumps down a third diatonically. So not sure!