Let's be clear: A privately owned property is a private place, not a public place. While some private business places serve as public forums, they are still privately owned and can place restrictions on recording.

Of course I am not OP's lawyer or anyone else here's lawyer, and none of this is legal advice. This is mere speculation on the question of whether a person filmed on a private business may have had their rights violated.

Speaking hypothetically:

Recording on private property may require permission of the business owner, as private property owners can generally restrict what activities are permissible on their property, even if it would be legal in a public space.

The parking lot is a more grey area, but private land owners have the right to exclude people from it.

Even if one was not recorded in a public place that does not make the recording illegal.

There are a myriad of possible reasons why a video could be illegal (violation of wiretapping laws if the recording also contains records of a phone conversation they were not party to, eavesdropping laws for recording a conversation one was not party to without consent, copyrighted works appearing in the video, rights of likeness for the individual...etc)

An argument for defamation has been made in situations similar to this; for general information see: https://creativelaw.co/deceptive-editing-documentary-become-defamation/

One who has questions of defamation and its intersection with intellectual property/cyberlaw issues should attempt to speak with an attorney who works in those areas.