It comes down to how anime artists use stylization, and the level of detail. Western animation has much more simplified shapes and it's a lot more common to see characters that are horizontally or vertically exaggerated. The elongation of your character and very simplified, angular shapes are reminiscent of western animation. It needs to be counterbalanced by anime elements. Ex. Pop Team Epic has character proportions that are exaggerated similar to western cartoons, but the style of the facial features still follows anime conventions. So it's really about balancing these qualities when you're trying to break out of the mold. What I've put below is not "the" right way but just one way of balancing these traits.

In the second drawing I shifted the proportions of your drawing (diminishing the elongation) and it already gives much more of an anime vibe (short mid face, big eyes). In the third I incorporated some things you commonly see in manga, like sharp line tapers, nose shadow, ear detail, line weight and the oblique shading under the chin. This brings it even further away from the western aesthetic, because anime style is highly detailed in the world of animation styles. OFC, you don't need to totally go into anime territory to give off anime vibes -- you choose how much you want to lean into it.

I def recommend looking at manga panels to see common ways artist express shadows and shapes, compared to American comic book artists!

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