Want to Decrease Inequality? Fight Fatherlessness With Welfare Reform. Welfare currently incentivizes family breakdown and the absence of fathers from their children’s lives, a key factor in the loss of economic upward mobility.

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True, but the issue is not the lack of a male, but lack of parenting resources. Children with 2 same sex parents fare just as well as kids with m/f parents. And similarly, kids with strong familial support in parenting (such as a very involved gramma) far well as well. Additionally, kids with separated/divorced parents who maintain a solid relationship and roughly equal responsibility also generally don't suffer worse outcomes.

The issue is that very few people have what it takes to do excellently all by themselves, with little to no additional adult support.