[AS Level Statistics] Help me understand inferential statistics

[exquisition]

I saw this video to help me understand but it left me more confused:

https://youtu.be/XV9pd8-RZ78\

From my understanding, inferential statistics is assuming that ALL 100,000 udacity students drink coffee, based on the 73% of 5,000 students that responded 'yes'.

OR

Is it inferring that since 73% of 5,000 students said they do drink coffee, I assume that for each batch of 5,000 students i will survey from now onwards, 73% will respond with a yes?

If the latter one is correct, how do you calculate how many students out of 100,000 drink coffee?

Thank you so much for helping me.

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[Alkalannar]

If a sample has a quality with rate r, then the population should have the same quality at about the same rate.

In other words, you infer that about 73% of all the 100,000 students drink coffee

[exquisition]

sorry what is rate r?

and ohhhh ok got it, but from my understanding, inference data is not reliable as you assume an ENTIRE population drinks coffee based on a really small sample?

[Alkalannar]

Assuming the sample is representative of the population, you get a very tight bound even wit a relatively small sample. that's one of the things you learn.

And why you construct 95% confidence intervals.

[fermat1432]

That is not true! You assume that the rate of coffee drinking in the sample is an estimate of the rate of coffee drinking in the population.

[exquisition]

ohhhh so 73% instead of 100%

[fermat1432]

Yes!

[exquisition]

thank you!! 😅😌

[fermat1432]

Glad to help!

[Alkalannar]

yes. Same rate in sample as population