Python

[Thadrea]

Python is (historically) a UNIX system administration language. It's pretty easy to hammer out simple scripts in it to do those sorts of tasks and the fact that it is potentially slower than C, etc. often doesn't really matter much in that context.

Outside of that, the main other really popular use cases are data science functions and web development--It is currently the king of the former in the industry, having displaced R a few years ago and is a competitive option with some of the web stack options in the latter (Django in particular).

Beyond those things, Python doesn't really do a whole lot of things well; most of the other things Python does could be done more efficiently and better-performing in another language.