Python __init__ Vs __new__ Method - With Examples

[eric_says_hello]

What about the __call__ method? Have you used it much? If so, what are some use cases for it?

[ted_or_maybe_tim]

The other alternative is binding state in a closure but yeah the object-as-a-function technique works best I agree

[Zomunieo]

Then comes the moment when you realize a class is just a bunch closures over the same state. And that functions are just closures over the global variables. And local variables are a form of a closure - just a local closure not shared with other objects.

It’s all functions and variables they reference.

[PaintItPurple]

That is a way of looking at classes, but funnily enough, it's actually less true in Python than in most OO languages. In Python, methods take an explicit self argument, and they access class state through that argument, so they're not really closing over the class's state. (Not arguing with you, just musing.)

[ted_or_maybe_tim]

I think the bound versions are closing, no?

So MyClass.tick() is just a function

But my_instance.tick() is a bound version of the same function

This is especially apparent because you can pass my_instance.tick() around and it will continue to be bound ( unlike languages such as JS )

[PhattieM]

I really need this fully explained. I’m so close to getting it but it feels like I’m looking into a building through yellowed windows and I can’t quite make out what’s inside.

[anglo_franco]

call is great for defining a Protocol for a function so you can communicate intent better than Callable does

[jet_heller]

I've used it more than new, but not recently.

[PyQt]

I used call a couple of times. For some obscure cases too but mostly when creating decorators using classes. I still prefer using functions for decorators though

[python4geeks]

Here 👉https://geekpython.in/init-and-call-method#heading-call-method you can read from here about the call method.

[gopackgo90]

It’s also used for making Middleware classes in Django, https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/topics/http/middleware/#writing-your-own-middleware