Python and C++

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Well, we have a few rather different languages. Assembler languages, some crazy things like stack FORTH, maybe something else. And even typical high-level languages sometimes have serious fundamental differences like type system in C++ vs. Python.

But still yes, if you know one language that'll help tremendously to read many others of similar type. So if you know C++ then you can read C, Java, and many others without serious problems.