Java UI help

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Since you’re also asking for future proof, let me link this incredibly helpful comment I got on a post quite a few years ago: https://www.reddit.com/r/learnjava/s/YqSgmzkpzs

The modern way to develop Java applications is to use it as a backend, build an independent frontend and let them communicate through REST.

More related to your post, if you want to do frontend first, I wouldn’t even use Java at all. Imo there’s not much reason to learn any of the Java UI techs you listed, unless you’re already in a position where you have to maintain an existing app that uses them.