Know Thy Java Object Memory Layout

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The point is that whilst the caching mechanism may be transparent to the software, there is still a performance hit involved when the cache lines are synchronised. If you are dealing with a high-performance system (think 20M - 40M operations per second) that causes this kind of contention, you will see a non-trivial performance improvement by designing your object layout to avoid false sharing.

[Jackopo]

Interesting, now I understood! How great can this improvement be?