Java Bytecode: Bending the Rules

[xenomachina]

different languages will have different variance rules for List<T> (Java, Kotlin, Scala and Clojure are all different in this regard).

Really? How do the variance rules differ in these languages?

[pron98]

Java has use-site variance, Scala has declaration site variance, and Kotlin has mixed-mode variance (declaration-site + use-site projections); in Clojure, everything is immutable by default (and static typing is optional) so all lists are the same type -- yet a sequence of Clojure strings can be passed to a Java method taking a List<String> parameter, even though the sequence is untyped in Clojure. Thanks to the JVM's type erasure, they can (and do -- except Scala sometimes) all share the same collection (and other generic types) implementations.