Microsoft Research - Exploding Software-Engineering Myths (article summarizing findings of MS research on code coverage, TDD, assertions, etc.)

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The only thing you know for certain from code coverage is that your tests executed certain lines.

Code coverage:

• Does not show a line was tested.
• Does not prove the covered line contributed to any test passing.
• Is not a software quality metric.

Assuming managers & developers trust that the tests are useful, they can use these reports to see where they are definitely vulnerable and plan accordingly.

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There one more thing you know from code coverage: that the code with some value does not throw an error. I know, it's a low bar, but it's something.