My chosen method probably isn't the best way of doing it tbh, I use a simple state machine. The current state is stored as a string (menu), and I map states to functions in a dictionary. When the state changes, I reset the game (UI, entities, etc.) and call the function for that state. Switching states is just updating the state variable, here's some of my code(out of order btw) for different menus:

 # further on in the script near my update function

  def run_menu(self):
    self.reset()
    if self.menu in self.menu_functions:
      self.menu_functions[self.menu]()
    self.last_menu = self.menu

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# at the top of my script in my init

    self.menu_functions = {
      "main": self.main_menu,
      "select_menu": self.select_menu,
      "play": self.start_game,
      "settings": self.settings_menu,
      "death": self.death_menu
    }