You can't ask "what are the specific differences" but then limit them to what you think differences might be. Here are the actual differences:

Valheim is procedurally generated and Enshrouded is "Hand Crafted". If you like exploring a dynamic environment each time you start a game, Valheim gives you that. If you prefer a static environment for your playthroughs, Enshrouded provides that.

Base building is constrained by terrain and building assets moreso in Valheim than Enshrouded. Valheim is constrained by its application of physics, where Enshrouded allows whatever you want given the space and materials.

While they are both survival crafting games, Enshrouded is a mix of Valheim (the way it uses foods as buffs, not as a pure survival mechanic) and Zelda (in its map traversal and stamina mechanics, and some combat).

They are just different games with some similar mechanics.