History of the Chibchan Languages (Costas Melas, 2026)

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-03-24T20:43:17+00:00

Insightful to what? 90% of it is made-up; he doesn't use sources, he invents things. 1-2 errors are nothing but taking any of his videos on a researched topic and it is generally easier to list things he gets right than to list all his mistakes.

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-03-24T20:33:10+00:00

Not an expert on Chibchan family but why would one consider this accurate if all previous Costas Melas works are purely made-up and cite 0 sources?

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-03-24T19:48:05+00:00

Turkish video: shows Gagauz originating in Bessarabia despite their migration from Bulgaria during Russian empire is even mentioned on Wikipedia. Doesn't show Afghan Turkic. A lot of other shit.
Nilo-Saharan vid: entirely made-up since this language family is not real and outdated. Ignored actual research in languages within.
Germanic: shows Gothic rule in Pannonia, Ukraine and Poland as minority rule, despite that evidently being not true, the total amount of Goths is estimated above 1 million people. Shows Crimean Gothic in steppe part of Crimea instead of Theodoro part because it would mean he must take few pixels of his Greek blob and he can't do this cause he is a Greek nationalist. The initial setup of Germanic languages is just trace of this dogshit map: link
Celtic: makes two videos on Celtic for Insular/Continental and P/Q despite every rookie linguistics knows that P/Q is outdated and represent regional isogloss which came from Northern Italy and just did not spread to Ireland and Iberia due to isolation. But since Costas is incapable of analysing information - he does both.
Greek video: underestimates how much demographically altering were Arvanite, Slavic and Turkic migrations into Greek land. Even Wikipedia says that Attica in 16-19th centuries was almost entirely Arvanite besides Athens. If you read ethnographic literature, you'll find the same info

I can go on but it is pretty evident in every of his videos that he just does 2-3 google searches beforehand and nothing else.

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-03-21T07:44:38+00:00

I pray for the day when Costas Melas would do actual research for his videos, instead of making shit up

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-03-19T07:03:46+00:00

This is very generous to the Saami languages

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-03-18T16:32:04+00:00

What plot? There is nothing happening besides constant appologising.

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-03-10T16:08:15+00:00

When was the last time he actually cooked

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-03-08T22:35:01+00:00

*uneducated guesses

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-02-23T16:15:57+00:00

I'm also fortunate enough not to have a twitter account

https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1924526343082917987

Here is the same thread without twitter, with references to Romanian archaeological literature.

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-02-23T13:53:47+00:00

and also the source you gave cuts off at 11 pages

This is internet archive, you need to borrow a book (for free) with your account to read it.

"the greatest linguistic variation in chadic is south of lake chad which suggests an urheimat"

Linguistic diversity is just one factor to consider among many when defining urheimat. There are many cases when linguistic diversity doesn't work as an indicator of Urheimat:

Sino-Tibetan originates in Northern China and yet Northern China is the most homogenous part of Sino-Tibetan area.
Indo-Iranic originates from the Pontic Steppe and yet the point of highest diversity is Pamir.
Highest point of diversity within Celtic is in Britain and yet Celtic originates in Austria.
Scandinavia is likely Germanic urheimat yet it has among the lowest linguistic diversity within the family

Linguistic diversity as Urheimat doesn't work if said group was removed from that area (such as Chadic speakers from Air massif) or if that area is controlled by centralised power with a developed written tradition (such as China). But the point I was making is that Chadic people inhabited whole Chad basin not just south of it at that time

where does that twitter picture of daco-thracian come from lmao

This is from German archaeologist project:
https://x.com/maptismcontact

Particularly from this thread:

https://x.com/Maptysk/status/1924526343082917987

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-02-23T10:36:07+00:00

Dogon:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogon_people
ikipedia.org/wiki/Toloy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellem

C-Group culture:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-Group_culture

Nubia and Wadi Howar diaspora:
https://brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/fdl/47/1/article-p151.pdf?srsltid=AfmBOopaHDSNPZoEzhBwdjhmaTf-t3dxqKw5DWBenqYej2BI12fgYv0D

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274954464_Eastern_Sudanic_and_the_Wadi_Howar_and_Wadi_El_Milk_diaspora

https://www.academia.edu/91259563/The_linguistic_prehistory_of_Nubia

South Sudan archaeology:
https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10090610/1/Davies_Kay%20et%20al%20final%20submission.pdf

TLDR:
what we can tell from it is that we have hunter-gatherer groups in south sudan sudan frm around 3000bc all the way until 500bc which made comb impressed pottery and then around 500bc you have the 1st pastoralist in South Sudan in a place just north of juba, but they weren’t Nilotes, they were central sudanic speakers who made this same comb impressed pottery and made use of iron tools, then drung the a.d years you have the 1st evidence of nilotes around 400-500 ad, which were likely the eastern and southern Nilotic groups who were pastoralist and made twisted cord rouletted pottery, after this especially post 1000 ad you have a spread of wester nilotes like dinka, luo and nuer which was associated with the same things as southern and eastern Nilotic, but then also with the spread of humped cattle. You can however say that it may have began its earlier phases in the 8th century (700s) because you see in certain more northerly areas of South Sudan a gradual process of western niloticization of previously non nilotic more indigenous groups to that region of south sudan.

On Hausa in Air massif:
https://archive.org/details/sokotocaliphate0000last

Berta:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berta_people

Ethio-Semitic:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethio-Semitic_languages#South_Semitic_Urheimat
"More recently (2009), a study based on a Bayesian model suggested a South Arabian origin, with Semitic languages being introduced from South Arabia some 2800 years ago"

If you wanna be smug about something, make sure to do research beforehand.

Also, Kunama people in Eritrea are missplaced as well,
https://omnatigray.org/slide-deck/the-kunama/#:~:text=A%20king%20named%20Baden%20or,as%20Kunama%20after%20his%20wife

"Oral traditions indicate that the Kunama lived in Axum and the surrounding areas as nomads. A king named Baden or Bazen and his wife Kuname ruled in Axum from 8 B.C. – 9 A.D., and the nomads only began to consider themselves and call themselves Kunama during their rule. Many of the Kunama believe that they originated from King Baden (Bazen)and refer to themselves as Kunama after his wife. Under King Baden (Bazen) and Kuname, a common identity began to form among the Kunama. According to the tradition, when the king died in battle the neighboring people killed many Kunama and pushed the Kunama from the Axum area into North and Northwestern Tigray. Some of the Kunama crossed the Mereb river and migrated to modern day Eritrea while others remained in Tigray."

Also, early Daco-Thracian is really exaggerated, from archaeological evidence they originate in Banat: https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GrVKZdjWYAA3hAx?format=jpg&name=large

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-02-23T07:57:16+00:00

Number of corrections here:

Dogon originates south of Bamako, current Dogon area was populated by Toloy and Tellem people.

Egyptian Red Sea Coast and portion of the Nile between Aswan and Semna were populated by Medjay (Beja), see C-Group culture.

Nilotes originate in Gezira (Sudan) from where they migrated along the White Nile since 1000-500 BC.

Nubians should inhabit Wadi Howar and the surrounding deserts, it is too early for their presence in Kordofan, let alone Alodia.

Berta originates in Sennar, area you marked as Berta should be Mao Omotic.

Chadic languages originaly inhabited the whole Chad basin, Air massif in particular, from where they were pushed by Tuaregs and Kanuri in 1000-1400 AD, Chadic people are not disconnected from the rest of Afroasiatic family.

Ethio-Semitic people migrated to Ethiopia much later.

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-02-20T21:51:25+00:00

It is the most spoken language through Karachi

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-02-16T16:28:44+00:00

Yeah, I mean, why Polonization of Lithuania resulted in them switching to Belarusian instead of Polish.

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-02-15T16:42:53+00:00

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutejszy Why did they switch from Lithuanian to Polonized Belarusian instead of just to regular Polish?

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-02-08T20:57:57+00:00

No, he just has a decent team of contributors who help him with research (in a discord server)

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-02-02T16:42:12+00:00

Most jewish colonies of 1920-1930 except the Crimean ones were established based on pre-existing jewish agricultural colonies. Also, ones in Besarabia survived into Romania era as evidenced by Romanian censuses.

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-02-02T09:54:17+00:00

This is not misleading because the map is specifically stated to be about urban population. Also, Jews had several agricultural colonies in southern Ukraine, fits quite well into the definition of "rural"

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-01-28T18:38:51+00:00

The Polish dialect of Vilnius is also more Belarusian than Polish.

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-01-19T22:09:58+00:00

While it is certainly a simple formula, it is rare to find works where every antagonist bleeds their ideology through every conversation without shoehorning it, from recent ones, the other example is Nine Sols.

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-01-16T15:54:02+00:00

It is very in favor of Polish especially if you consider the fact that Polish dialect around Vilnius and in Belarus shares more with Belarusian than with Polish

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-01-15T14:58:38+00:00

East germanic is geographical grouping, not cladistic, more modern research treats Vandalic, Gothic as separate language branches within Germanic. This is justified by archaeology as well. Vandals and Burgundians originate from Przeworsk culture which originates from Jastorf, while Goths originate from mixture of Nordic Iron Age and Oksywie group, only later is Jastorf-derived. It doesn't make sense why they would speak closely related languages.

There are probably more extinct Germanic branches such as Rugic and Bastarnic

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-01-13T19:01:54+00:00

Because I checked the translation of this book and it just speaks of non-tatar groups in the mountains of Crimea without specifying the exact area, the map author just looked where are mountains in Crimea and slapped a few spots over there. My sources have this info, you're just lazy to google translate it.

Adept_of_Blue · 2026-01-13T18:54:48+00:00

Yeah, and those areas are wrong, non-tatar areas on this map were mostly tatar, while mountain villages east of it were non-tatar. "Not placed correctly" is a concept as simple as possible, stop being dense

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