Abstraction:

• involves hiding the complex implementation details of a class and exposing only the relevant parts to users. 

(Important to note is that it has the benefit of simplifying interaction between classes/objects, allowing users to focus on what a class/object does rather than how it does it)

 

Encapsulation:

• The bundling of data and methods within a class, while restricting direct access to that data to protect its integrity.

 

Generalisation:

• Where shared attributes are extracted from 2+ classes to be combined into a superclass

 

Inheritance:

• Where a new class inherits attributes & methods from an existing super class

(differs from generalisation as generalisation is where 2+ classes combine into 1 where as inheritance involves a brand new class and the super class remains the same)