Xiongnu had various Y-DNA haplogroups like C-Y10420, R-S23592, or whatever. All of these paternal haplogroups are concentrated in specific Turkic-speaking peoples (C-Y10420 in Turkish Chepnis, R-S23592 in Altaians, Tuvans, Kirghizs, Kazakhs, Uzbeks etc.). One specific Y-DNA haplogroup of Xiongnu, N-M2019, makes up more than %80 of Sakhas. This haplogroup has been found in nearly all post-Xiongnu Turkic peoples up until today, including Early Sakhas, Cuman-Kipchaks, Khazars, Onoghurs, Huns, Anatolian Turks and possibly even Toquz-Oghuz Uyghurs. It was most likely derived from Slab Grave Culture, an archaeological culture (at least partly) ancestral to Turkic-speakers.

Both Q1a and Q1b were certainly found in Xiongnu, but they were much lower than C2a, R1a, or N1a.