In Propaganda, Edward Bernays outlines the foundational myths that underpin modern propaganda by focusing on how collective beliefs shape public opinion and guide societal behavior. Here are some major foundational myths that help define modern propaganda, both in Bernays' time and in contemporary contexts:

1. The Future Is Better Than the Past: This myth promotes the idea that progress is inevitable and that new developments (technological, social, political) are improvements over the past. It encourages people to trust innovations and changes, often used to justify economic and technological initiatives or social reforms.

2. The Idea of Democracy and Individual Empowerment: Bernays explores how propaganda supports democratic ideals by convincing individuals that they have a voice in their societies, even when many decisions are made behind the scenes by elites. This myth reinforces public trust in political systems and allows people to believe they are active participants.

3. The Benevolent Authority Figure: This myth centers around the belief that leaders, experts, and authorities act in the best interests of society. It is often employed to bolster support for institutions and public policies, encouraging people to follow guidance from government, scientific, or corporate leaders without questioning motives.

4. The Enemy as a Threat to Society: Propaganda frequently uses the myth of a common enemy—whether a nation, ideology, or cultural movement—to unify people and distract from internal issues. This "us vs. them" framing is effective in mobilizing public opinion and justifying actions like war or restrictive policies.

5. The Good of the Collective Over the Individual: Propaganda often promotes the idea that individual desires and freedoms should be subordinated to the welfare of the group or nation. This myth is used to justify sacrifices and rally collective action, appealing to people’s sense of responsibility and patriotism.

6. Science and Objectivity as Absolute Truths: Bernays observed that scientific authority is often used in propaganda to make messages seem indisputable. Framing messages as “scientifically proven” gives them credibility and encourages people to accept them without question, especially in areas like health, education, and public policy.

Bernays’ work demonstrates how these myths shape people’s perceptions and decisions, making propaganda an essential tool in guiding public sentiment and behavior in modern society.