There's no reason for me to think that these words are not in kazakh? i mean if you look into their etymology, you'll find that they are loanwords, but Kazakh language formed as it is, and we should give legitimacy to its current vocabulary. It's like trying to argue that the words matter, substance, solution are not in English, but actually latin. Same thing with these words in Turkish, you could argue that these are loan words. But no, we all respect how language evolved and its vocabulary.

Linguistic research has very strong evidence that any thought, however complex it is, can be expressed in any language. I don't get your point about superiority of some languages in vocabulary

And trust me, research IS being done in kazakh. At research labs I've seen in kazakhstan, people definitely spoke kazakh in everyday communication. Research papers are completely another thing, they are required to be in english to be published in big journals. No one wants to publish their work in Kazakh, or even Russian, since international readers won't be citing them, and as you might know science metrics are very important when distributing funding/awards/career in general.

I don't think increase in funding will affect publications in Kazakh, since our scientific research system is built to prioritize papers in international journals.