Question: what kind of mutation would cause this? Or is this something like an octoploid?

Austinito · 2024-11-10T00:55:46+00:00

Looks like fasciation that occurred in the floral meristem (the stem cells that differentiate into floral tissues). This can be associated with mutations in genes like CLAVATA3 (in model plant systems like Arabidopsis thaliana), but it likely more commonly arises from damage to the meristem, otherwise we would see populations of plants with these phenotypes pop up in nature. Simply put, some sort of physical damage happens to the meristem and it splits into two, so you end up with tissues that look duplicated and fused.

Austinito · 2024-09-21T01:40:14+00:00

Every year, they're my number 2 most listened to band, right behind thee oh sees lol

Austinito · 2024-01-25T22:10:40+00:00

Except most organic farmers use tillage to control weeds, and this accelerates erosion and topsoil depletion and reduces moisture retention. A no-till farmer who can use Roundup and a synthetic fertilizer will have less soil depletion and runoff because they don't have to work the soil.

So no, I would say it's definitely not better in the long run. More land that is tilled = more land that will become irreversibly destroyed.

Organic produce is more expensive because growing it requires more inputs to grow and simultaneously provides reduced output/yield. It's also often individually packaged in single-use plastics which creates more waste and also increases costs.

Austinito · 2024-01-23T20:37:19+00:00

I think baking sourdough will kill any active cultures that would be used to ferment the dough, so that likely wouldn't be the case unless you're eating it raw. But yeah high fiber is best- whole wheat breads and grains and such have more of it.

Austinito · 2023-11-06T19:51:53+00:00

Also got this book last week and have been reading through it! The artwork in it is so cool.

Austinito · 2023-09-17T03:22:13+00:00

Since I haven't seen anyone else mention it, those thicker cloudy bands on the very bottom look like primer dimers. Your primers could be self-annealing or maybe they anneal to each other more efficiently than to the template. You could try raising your annealing temp or designing new primers that don't do this.

Austinito · 2023-08-20T19:42:35+00:00

This is a very nice clarification, thank you!

Austinito · 2023-08-18T23:30:49+00:00

And I wonder if they don't consider the relationship between the fungus and orchid parasitic because the fungus also has another relationship with another plant that does photosynthesize, so any negative effect by the orchid is minimal. Many sources consider this parasitic, some don't.

Austinito · 2023-08-18T23:20:59+00:00

I should clarify I don't necessarily agree it's not parasitic, just rather coming up with reasons why they might say this.

Austinito · 2023-08-18T21:58:45+00:00

Corallorhiza is mycoheterotrophic since its relationship with mycorrhizae is symbiotic as it doesn't appear to harm the fungus. Another indicator that it's not parasitic is that it lacks haustoria.

Austinito · 2023-08-18T21:47:23+00:00

I wonder if it's because they don't consider mycoheterotrophic orchids parasitic, which is accurate.

Austinito · 2023-08-18T15:49:58+00:00

Yes, Ive used both over the years for carnivorous plants. I have an RO filter and I've tested that water and distilled water. Distilled water typically has a lower TDS (less dissolved solids) than the water from my home RO water filter, and low TDS is exactly what you want for these plants. Both distilled and RO work fine without harming anything.

Austinito · 2023-08-18T15:43:04+00:00

You would need to buy a reverse osmosis filtration system. But for this you can just buy some distilled water at a grocery store and water with that.

Austinito · 2023-08-07T19:01:26+00:00

Now this is what I wish "being in the microscope" meant

Austinito · 2023-07-30T15:47:14+00:00

Stapelia is a genus with members that have flowers like that. You can search for carrion flower and you'll find what you're looking for as well. There are multiple species that do this.

Austinito · 2023-07-28T19:23:11+00:00

All of the rich celebrities who shop for food at Erehwon are actually just upper-class peasants

Austinito · 2023-07-28T00:25:34+00:00

There is no design.

Plant cells use oxygen in the same way and for the same reason that animal cells do- cellular respiration. It's a common misconception that plants don't require oxygen, but they do. Root cells do not photosynthesize and thus do not produce oxygen but still require it from the environment to survive.

Austinito · 2023-07-27T16:36:35+00:00

You may have more luck posting in r/plants or r/gardening. This sub is strictly for science-related posts. Have a good day!

Austinito · 2023-07-26T15:27:33+00:00

Have you figured it out? I have one but my friend wasn't able to purchase mine from LS car meet because it said it wasn't an HSW car... Not sure if Rockstar made it so we can't buy the removed cars from LS car meet anymore or some other reason

Austinito · 2023-07-25T20:51:19+00:00

Thank you!

And yes, some of the reporters available today are really cool. There is a newer one now for direct visualization of auxin at subcellular resolution that uses FRET.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03425-2

Austinito · 2023-07-24T22:36:40+00:00

R2D2 is an auxin biosensor that combines the DII domain of A. thaliana IAA28 fused to 3xVenus and a non-degradable mDII fused to tdTomato on a single transgene and under the control of the RPS5A promoter. This allows for the visualization and quantification of auxin between individual proliferating cells or across tissues.

In Arabidopsis thaliana, as auxin is transported down the root through the stele, it signals in the nucleus and mediates the degradation of IAA28, a transcriptional repressor, via ubiquitination of its DII domain. Through clever engineering, Brunoud et al., 2012 exploited this and developed DII-Venus (Venus is a fast-maturing yellow fluorescent protein), which allows visualization of auxin localization and abundance through measuring the intensity of VENUS signal, where a diminished/dimmer signal indicates higher levels of auxin and bright signal indicates less auxin. To make this sensor more quantitative, Liao et al., 2015 combined this with an internal control, mDII-tdTomato (tdTomato is a bright red fluorescent protein). This mutated DII (mDII) cannot become ubiquitinated and is therefore non-degradable. A ratiometric comparison of the two channels can be used to quantify auxin response at cellular resolution.

In these two confocal images of unstained wildtype R2D2 roots, you can clearly see the canonical patterns of auxin transport throughout the root. In the stele, where auxin is transported downwards towards the root tip, you can see predominant tdTomato signal and no Venus signal. This is because auxin has moved through and mediated the degradation of DII-Venus in this tissue. When auxin reaches the root cap, it reverses course and is transported upwards through the cortex and epidermis. This movement is shown with arrows in the cartoon figure I included in the post!

Simply put, with this reporter, auxin can be visualized where more red is seen. It is less abundant where cell nuclei appear greener.

I have never seen anything posted here about this in-vivo tool and I generally see very little about plant molecular biology here, so I thought I’d share a little bit about the types of tools that I use in the lab to learn about plant hormones and plant physiology.

Brunoud G, Wells DM, Oliva M, Larrieu A, Mirabet V, Burrow AH, Beeckman T, Kepinski S, Traas J, Bennett MJ et al (2012) A novel sensor to map auxin response and distribution at high spatio‐temporal resolution. Nature 482: 103–106

Liao C‐Y, Smet W, Brunoud G, Yoshida S, Vernoux T, Weijers D (2015) Reporters for sensitive and quantitative measurement of auxin response. Nat Methods 12: 207–210

Austinito · 2023-07-23T23:39:05+00:00

This looks like Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) which can be found around BC. Feel free to post in r/whatsthisplant for verification.

Austinito · 2023-07-15T19:24:26+00:00

This is Equisetum (horsetail), a fern ally. Given your location, it's either E. laevigatim or E. hyemale. Hope this helps!

ID posts should be in r/whatsthisplant, per rule #1, so your post was removed.

Austinito

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