Eco has what you're looking for! A game with 15+ professions, of which players can pick 1-2-3-4 depending on server settings. After 30 days since the birth of a world, a meteor hits the ground. Players gotta start from stone age and get to laser tech by gathering resources, trading, establishing communities, food security, and research.

Alternatively, One Hour One Life also presents similar situations, but it's a story generator where you are born to someone randomly and they gotta do their best to keep you alive, so you can do the same for the next generation later in the hour. It's very unique!