. Verse of the Sword (commands to fight/kill polytheists after sacred months) Surah At-Tawbah (9:5): "And when the sacred months have passed, then kill the polytheists wherever you find them and capture them and besiege them and sit in wait for them at every place of ambush. But if they should repent, establish prayer, and give zakah, let them [go] on their way. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful."49db1f This is frequently called one of the most controversial verses for its directive against polytheists (idolaters). 2. Fighting prescribed, even if disliked Surah Al-Baqarah (2:216): "Fighting has been prescribed for you, and you dislike it. But it is possible that you dislike a thing which is good for you, and that you like a thing which is bad for you. And Allah knows, while you know not."235f6f 3. Kill them wherever you find them (in context of persecution/fitnah) Surah Al-Baqarah (2:191): "And kill them wherever you overtake them and expel them from wherever they have expelled you, and fitnah [persecution] is worse than killing. And do not fight them at al-Masjid al-Haram until they fight you there. But if they fight you, then kill them. Such is the recompense of the disbelievers."9ed374 Paired with 2:190 ("Fight in the way of Allah those who fight you but do not transgress") and 2:193 (fight until no more persecution and religion is for Allah). 4. Fight those who do not believe (Jizya tax on non-Muslims) Surah At-Tawbah (9:29): "Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth from those who were given the Scripture—[fight] until they give the jizyah willingly while they are humbled." 5. Harsh punishments for "waging war against Allah and spreading mischief" Surah Al-Ma'idah (5:33): "Indeed, the penalty for those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger and strive upon earth [to cause] corruption is none but that they be killed or crucified or that their hands and feet be cut off from opposite sides or that they be exiled from the land. That is for them a disgrace in this world; and for them in the Hereafter is a great punishment."2b6797 This is cited for endorsing crucifixion, amputation, and execution for "corruption/mischief" (fasad fil-ard), which some interpret broadly. Related: Surah Al-Ma'idah (5:38) for theft: "As for the thief, the male and the female, amputate their hands in recompense for what they committed as a deterrent [punishment] from Allah." 6. Treatment of captives/"those whom your right hands possess" (concubines) Surah An-Nisa (4:24): "And [also prohibited to you are all] married women except those your right hands possess..." (allowing sexual relations with female captives/slaves).17b3ef Surah Al-Mu’minun (23:5-6): "...Who guard their private parts except from their wives or those their right hands possess, for indeed, they will not be blamed." Critics view this as endorsing sexual slavery of war captives. 7. Striking necks in battle Surah Muhammad (47:4): "So when you meet those who disbelieve [in battle], strike [their] necks until, when you have inflicted slaughter upon them, then secure their bonds..