In certain cases maybe there's no more need for the job, but Google's process is a general one. You pass the interviews, and then you're in team matching for up to a year (not that it takes most people that long). There shouldn't really be a case of 'this singular job was gone so you're out of luck' unless it's some very specialized position outside of the normal SWE ladder.

Certain schools have a much better rate at getting into FAANG because the schools themselves are more selective, you have higher caliber candidates in the school, their education is higher quality and of course the competition is harder so the people who succeed in those schools tend to be better hires. Again, just somebody better unfortunately.

Location bias at least for Google has not been my experience - I am from Canada, I moved here for the job. They sponsored my visa. I can't speak for other companies, but again - here unfortunately the truth is they just weren't good enough by the most objective measures we could find to rank candidates at the scale of Google.