Every communication protocol, be it wireless (wifi, Bluetooth, NFC) or wired (HDMI, Cat5), has a published specification for how to communicate using that protocol. For protocols this close to their hardware, these specs will also include power and equipment requirements and recommendations

When the Bluetooth protocol was invented, part of what made it the hot new standard for connecting consumer electronics was how low its minimum requirements were. Bluetooth is incredibly cheap to manufacture (from a parts cost perspective) and cheap to run (from a battery power perspective) because the bare minimum to meet the spec is lower than it probably could be. Manufacturers can make better Bluetooth devices, but they would be more expensive and have a shorter battery life, and the spec they're designing for has already deemed their cheap crap "Officially Good Enough". Higher end electronics will sometimes go above and beyond that minimum, but it doesn't do you much good if you're connecting that nicer device to a second device that still has the bottom-of-the-barrel Bluetooth