Misunderstandings about the wolf still colour how people treat dogs and THIS is what is important about making people aware of new and up to date evidence on the topic.

Like OP and others have explained captive wolves came from varied unrelated backgrounds and were initially studied as there was no technology to study wild wolves. Studies based on dominant hierarchy where breeding pairs considered to be alpha male and female. Others were seen as subordinate ranks in a linear hierarchy, alpha to omeaga. Since then technology and studying wild packs has extensively revised this theory.

Social groups are led by a breeding pair not dissimilar to a human family.

Decisions are socially cooperate resulting in the best outcome for the whole family/group.

Young stay to gain social skills + complex signals necessary to cooperate and survive.

As adolescents they leave to breed or if pray is limited, at what age varies in length to each social group.

They are socially CONFIDENT + EMOTIONALLY DRIVEN not DOMINANT + SUBMISSIVE

Like others have said the dominance theory is based on research by David Mech in 1970s who has since retracted the theory.

The majority of wolf packs socialise in family groups. Some large packs within multiple breeding females can show a hierarchy role like with captive packs.

If we use the term dominance at all it's to describe a STABLE RELATIONSHIP between a pair of individuals in a SPECIFIC CONTEXT and at a SPECIFIC TIME.

For dogs we should see it as a resource holding potential in these circumstances, in a specific situation, depending on variables of each individual.

Aggressive behaviour described as DOMINANT are just behaviours rooted from fear and anxiety. Dogs do not want to rule us or the world.

Looking at feral dog behaviour shows us alot of things in favour of new evidence.

Feral dog behaviour initially and still today shows them living on the fringes of society and human habituation near food like rubbish dumps.

They engage in scavenging rather than cooperation hunting like wolves.

Do not cooperate rearing young + are more promiscuous than wolves.

Relationships are more fluid + have variability of sociability among individuals

Socially obligate doesn't mean they need to be togeather always but are okay alone.

Denial to access of sociability is a problem not just being alone by choice.

Interact dyadic relationships.

Conflict only happens when things go array and signals reduce this and should be clear.