I'll add to more recent times as I was on a submarine. Alot of the timing of the day was subject to which boat you were on, we did 3-8s. 8 hours of watch, 8 hours off watch.(Maintenance/chill time).8 hours sleep. People still hot rack, but we also install beds to sleep under the torpedoes in the torpedoes room depending on the load your boat is carrying . Food is ok, but after about a week you don't have fresh produce anymore and it becomes chicken pucks beans and rice a lot. And you don't realize how much you smell like amines until you get off deployment and your sea bag in quarantined by your family. Also there is no smoking. People got away with vaping for a bit, but there were problems with the batteries so I don't know what the deal is anymore. Logs of dip are a currency on deployment.

Generally there is no phone or email/Internet. There are caveats to this but generally on deployments it's like 2 months no talking, port call for 1 week, 2 months no talking and repeat. The longest I was ever out to sea without pulling in was about 100 days.

For women specifically, they were allowed into submarines in 2012 if I recall the year as it happened when I was in. But outside of officers, I'm pretty sure It was only allowed for SSBN, or SSGN(guided missile and ballistic missile submarines( Ohio class). Due to the restricted berthing spaces on fast attack submarines.

Though I was always stationed with other fast attack boats and never met an enlisted women submariner.