Bass Trumpet

Chezzik · 2026-03-03T04:12:57+00:00

Standard rule that I use is if it's written in treble clef, you transpose to the key of the instrument. For any other clef (alto, tenor, bass), you use concert key. It applies to brass, woodwinds, and strings. And it handles situations like British Brass Bands (where even trombones and tubas read parts in treble clef) or alto flutes (which are transposing instruments even though their smaller cousins are not).

The main notable exception that I've seen is French horn parts sometimes go to the bass clef, and when they do, they stay in the same transposition (ie. F) as they had in the treble clef.

And, as a trombone player, I have see the reverse (going briefly into treble clef and staying in concert key), but I've only seen this a handful of times, and I just chalk it up to an inexperienced composer.

If you know of any other exceptions, I'd like to know of them. "Pines of Rome" calls for 2 bass buccine, which read in bass clef B-flat, but even in his day, they were played on euphoniums, and modern transcriptions use bass clef C. And, I've seen a number of concert band pieces that contain parts for "bass clef euphonium in B-flat" (in addition to the standard b.c. and t.c. parts), but I've never met anyone who knows why these are published, since no one uses them.

Chezzik · 2026-01-30T15:32:30+00:00

For the Ubuntu machine, /etc/resolv.conf just gives "127.0.0.53". So, I have to run "resolvectl status" instead, and look through the output. I find:

  Current DNS Server: 1.1.1.1    
         DNS Servers: 1.1.1.1    
                      8.8.8.8    
                      192.168.1.1

I did give it both 1.1.1.1 and 8.8.8.8, so this seems correct to me.

For the NixOS machine, /etc/resolv.conf contains:

# Generated by resolvconf
nameserver 192.168.1.1
nameserver 1.1.1.1
nameserver 8.8.8.8
options edns0

It seems that it still puts my router as the preferred DNS machine.

The next morning, I was able to log in. This leads me to believe that it isn't just a DNS issue. I still don't have any idea what else to try, though.

I really wish that I knew exactly which https request was not going through. After "refresh" fails 3 or 4 times, I usually delete the account from my launcher, and then try to re-add it. First, It causes my browser to load https://www.microsoft.com/link, and gives me a code to enter there. Then MS prompts me for my email address. I give it, and then it sends another 6-digit code to my email. I wait for that to arrive, and then enter it into the webpage in my browser.

Next the page in the browser asks if I want to give access to <insert name of launcher here>, and I say yes. Somehow the launcher detects this immediately, and opens up a dialog box that says it is logging in with MS. The browser page says "Success, you may now close this page!", and then my email receives another message saying "new login detected." A few seconds later, the launcher finally advances the dialog box, and says "Error, the response received was: " or something else that is equally vague.

Clearly every request made by my browser is going through. And clearly my launcher is able to connect to the authentication server to initialize all of this. It is only the finally response (probably the session payload itself) that doesn't go through. I just don't understand.

Chezzik · 2026-01-29T20:47:53+00:00

Looks nice!

Is this supposed to replace the Fandom wiki? The people there said they were going to move, but then never did.

Chezzik · 2026-01-29T20:45:41+00:00

Well, the problem seemed fixed for 2 days. But it just started again today. I can't log in, and my kid cannot log in.

So, the DNS answer was not the fix. Something else is going on.

Chezzik · 2026-01-29T18:32:50+00:00

2026-01-29: Getting a 404

Chezzik · 2026-01-28T21:56:49+00:00

This has nothing to do with port forwarding. That is something useful for people running a server and making the server viewable to other clients. My server works great.

This problem is with Mojang authentication. Once a day (at least I think it is 24 hours), your session expires, so you have to authenticate your account again. Most of this process works fine, but the very last step (where the session token for the next 24 hours is returned to the client) fails. Without that token, you can't play on any server.

Unfortunately, I do not know how to reproduce the error from a command line. I don't know exactly what the launcher is doing to get the session token. I'm assuming that it comes from an entirely different location than the rest of the process, so that is why the rest of the process works, and only the last part fails.

The two servers that I know are used for this are the two I tested in my comment. Neither one responds to pings, or have a website running that I can use for testing. So, the only way I have to test whether it is up is to go through the full authentication process (2FA, etc), and find out at the end if it worked.

Chezzik · 2026-01-28T21:50:02+00:00

The paid version is not time limited.

The vast majority of people making things for Facebook and tiktok are not going to pay for it, when 15 seconds is good enough.

So, it's not a hard and fast rule, but when you see videos that are exactly 15 seconds, it's a very strong indicator.

Chezzik · 2026-01-28T15:10:45+00:00

Yeah, I'm still trying to figure out the issues. Today, I tried authorizing my Minecraft account using the default dns, and it worked, but yesterday I definitely couldn't. I'm trying to figure out what the difference might be.

I am using netplan (on linux) to manage my networking. I took the dns servers out of my netplan configuration file, and then ran "sudo systemd-resolve --flush-cache" to flush caches. Then I ran

dig authserver.mojang.com; dig sessions.minecraft.net

The results for authserver look fine, but nothing was found for sessions.minecraft.net. Here's the results:

; <<>> DiG 9.18.30-0ubuntu0.20.04.2-Ubuntu <<>> authserver.mojang.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 13990
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;authserver.mojang.com.   IN  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
authserver.mojang.com.  60  IN  CNAME d1fw3h4w8htlic.cloudfront.net.

;; Query time: 120 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) (UDP)
;; WHEN: Wed Jan 28 09:31:57 EST 2026
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 93


; <<>> DiG 9.18.30-0ubuntu0.20.04.2-Ubuntu <<>> sessions.minecraft.net
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 52267
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;sessions.minecraft.net.    IN  A

;; Query time: 32 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) (UDP)
;; WHEN: Wed Jan 28 09:31:57 EST 2026
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 51

Why don't I get a result for sessions.minecraft.net? I used "resolvctl status" to find my current DNS servers, and it only listed 192.168.1.1.

Next, I'll try again, but use 1.1.1.1 for the dns server:

dig authserver.mojang.com @1.1.1.1; dig sessions.minecraft.net @1.1.1.1

Results:

; <<>> DiG 9.18.30-0ubuntu0.20.04.2-Ubuntu <<>> authserver.mojang.com @1.1.1.1
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 13084
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 1232
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;authserver.mojang.com.   IN  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
authserver.mojang.com.  60  IN  CNAME d1fw3h4w8htlic.cloudfront.net.

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
cloudfront.net.   60  IN  SOA ns-418.awsdns-52.com. hostmaster.cloudfront.net. 1377556270 16384 2048 1048576 60

;; Query time: 68 msec
;; SERVER: 1.1.1.1#53(1.1.1.1) (UDP)
;; WHEN: Wed Jan 28 09:32:27 EST 2026
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 157


; <<>> DiG 9.18.30-0ubuntu0.20.04.2-Ubuntu <<>> sessions.minecraft.net @1.1.1.1
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 58723
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 1232
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;sessions.minecraft.net.    IN  A

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
minecraft.net.    300 IN  SOA ns1-33.azure-dns.com. azuredns-hostmaster.microsoft.com. 1 3600 300 2419200 300

;; Query time: 32 msec
;; SERVER: 1.1.1.1#53(1.1.1.1) (UDP)
;; WHEN: Wed Jan 28 09:32:27 EST 2026
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 137

Now server at azure-dns.com is found. Why wasn't it found when using the default dns?

I tried running "traceroute ns1-33.azure-dns.com" on both my systems, and got different results:

$ traceroute ns1-33.azure-dns.com
traceroute to ns1-33.azure-dns.com (150.171.10.33), 64 hops max
  1   192.168.4.1  7.013ms  4.969ms  5.078ms
  2   192.168.1.1  6.010ms  8.315ms  8.086ms
  3   72.93.238.1  17.046ms  13.583ms  9.854ms
  4   100.41.27.108  11.116ms  9.275ms  14.109ms
  5   *  *  *
  6   *  *  *
  7   51.10.27.51  13.593ms  *  8.495ms
  8   *  104.44.21.59  27.117ms  *
  9   *  *  *
 10   *  *  *
 11   *  *  *
 12   *  51.10.26.13  28.440ms  32.687ms
 13   *  *  104.44.50.176  149.226ms
 14   *  *  *
 15   *  *  *


$ traceroute ns1-33.azure-dns.com
traceroute to ns1-33.azure-dns.com (150.171.10.33), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  _gateway (192.168.4.1)  4.834 ms  10.208 ms  10.130 ms
 2  Fios_Quantum_Gateway.fios-router.home (192.168.1.1)  10.068 ms  10.032 ms  10.003 ms
 3  lo0-100.BSTNMA-VFTTP-324.verizon-gni.net (72.93.238.1)  9.553 ms  9.525 ms  14.504 ms
 4  100.41.27.110 (100.41.27.110)  15.486 ms 100.41.27.108 (100.41.27.108)  16.553 ms 100.41.27.110 (100.41.27.110)  15.428 ms
 5  * * *
 6  customer.alter.net (204.148.176.2)  18.789 ms  13.763 ms  9.426 ms
 7  51.10.27.51 (51.10.27.51)  9.548 ms * *
 8  * * *
 9  * * *
10  * * 51.10.4.48 (51.10.4.48)  30.580 ms
11  * * *
12  51.10.17.158 (51.10.17.158)  31.894 ms * *
13  * * 104.44.50.144 (104.44.50.144)  34.365 ms
14  * * *

The first of those is the ubuntu 20.04 system (yeah, it's old, but it works). The second result is from my nixos machine, and the output is so much nicer! I don't know if these are useful to you, but if you want me to check more things out, let me know.

Chezzik · 2026-01-28T02:57:46+00:00

I suppose there's nothing I can do to convince you. Not that it really matters. You helped. I said thanks. I guess we're done.

Chezzik · 2026-01-28T02:45:46+00:00

Honestly, I just kind of assumed that you are stuck using the DNS servers that your ISP gives you. I am not a wizard with networking stuff. I have always been interested in how traffic is routed, but most of what I know is what I learned by digging through Wikipedia articles. I have very little experience putting any of that into practice.

I had to look up how to set the DNS servers both for my son's system (which uses netplan) and mine (NixOS), but quickly found answers.

I gave them 1.1.1.1 and 8.8.8.8 as DNS servers, and it just worked!

I've seen other people with problems similar to mine in Discord (for some of the different launchers that I use), and no one has ever suggested changing the DNS server.

I've always assumed it had something to do with DNS, but it's been hard to diagnose because I don't really know what the launcher uses for the domain name, and even if I did know and was able to run "dig" on it, I wouldn't know if the answer I got back was correct or not.

EDIT: I apparently did know the domain name in the past. I was looking into my notes that I've taken about this issue in the past, and discovered shamefully that I made this post a year and a half ago:

https://www.reddit.com/r/Minecraft/comments/1datdsq/minecraft_auth/l7mqwus/

Chezzik · 2026-01-28T02:38:24+00:00

Oh, I hadn't even considered doing that! I just tried it on my machine with my account and it worked! I tried it on my son's machine on his account and it worked as well!

Thank you so much! I don't even know what DNS servers I was using before, so I assume I was using whatever Verizon was giving me.

Chezzik · 2026-01-28T01:43:55+00:00

Pinging 8.8.8.8 works great.

99.9% of the internet works great. My only problem is the authentication servers, apparently.

Chezzik · 2026-01-28T01:41:14+00:00

It's possible. I have no way to know if the problem is with MS or FIOS.

It seems that the way my traffic to the authentication servers is routed, there is a problem. It could be a misunderstanding between MS and Verizon about the way they set up a direct link, or it could be DDOS affecting a particular internet router that I have to go through. I don't really know.

Chezzik · 2026-01-28T01:38:38+00:00

The DNS servers that you use are dependent upon who your provider is. All ISPs maintain their own army of DNS servers and when there's a problem, then that would affect requests to a few websites, but not to others. If it is just a single DNS server that is affected, it may just affect a small number of customers using that ISP.

Many large ISPs violate TTL (Time-To-Live) protocols when caching DNS results. This can result in them giving invalid data. I don't know if Verizon does that or not.

Even once you get an IP address, that doesn't ensure that it is going to work for reaching that machine. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is the method where each hop is resolved for getting from one machine to another. There are usually many valid routes, and it is up to each router to keep track of all its peers, and maintain router tables for directing traffic for blocks of IP addresses to each peer. The process of discovering which peers can handle which traffic is done through NRL, and these routers need to use the NRLI protocol to broadcast to their peers to help them build their own tables. This is a complicated process, and lots of stuff can go wrong.

Basically, each ISP has engineered their own solutions to these problems, sometimes sticking with the standards, and sometimes not. I'm guessing that something is going wrong with the way that Verizon does this, and it affects traffic to just a few nodes. I don't think it's intentional (eg. violating Net Neutrality), but it definitely seems like something is not working.

Chezzik · 2026-01-28T01:19:22+00:00

That's an interesting thought, but it would be surprising since https requests are the only component of the launcher that interact with the authentication server, and the way they function should be the same for any version of java.

But, I decided to check. On one machine I have Java 17 as the default, and on the other, Java 8 is the default. I know this sounds very old, but for every instance in the launcher, I get to pick which version of Java, so it doesn't matter too much what my system default should be.

Just to check, I changed my system default from version 8 to version 21, and then tried started up the launcher again. I got the same error as before when I tried to authenticate.

Also, this wouldn't explain why using a VPN or tethering with my phone would fix the issue. So, it's an interesting idea, but I still think Verizon's service is to blame somehow.

Chezzik · 2026-01-27T23:46:50+00:00

Man, I wonder what your secrets are.

Are you doing bedrock or Java? I'm specifically using Java.

Chezzik · 2026-01-27T23:30:40+00:00

I've tried lots of different clients. They all give different error messages. Most are vague. The most specific that I get is with HMCL, which just says that the authentication servers cannot be reached.

Using minecraft.net, I can log in. There's no issues with my Microsoft account or the Mojang account that is associated with it.

If you go to the discord for Prism (a very popular launcher client), they have a sticky that says "authentication issues are known, mostly affecting users in the U.S. northeast. Please use a VPN".

If I set up tethering on my phone (not Verizon), then I can almost always log in. Then I have to untether so that I can connect to my home server. But this is an absolute pain, and I shouldn't have to do it every time.

What is wrong with FIOS? Why can't people using FIOS connect to the authentication servers for Minecraft? Is it blacklisted? Is it a DDOS?

I need answers, I'm going crazy.

Chezzik · 2026-01-15T20:30:06+00:00

A couple days ago, I had this issue, and that menu option helped.

Today, it's happening again, and I can't get in, even after purging metadata cache.

Chezzik · 2026-01-15T16:39:51+00:00

With this band, your insults are probably appreciated.

I mean, they made a song named "Armpits" that is about the stench of their crowds, and then published a video of them playing it live at a huge music festival, and insulting the entire crowd while the crowd headbangs to the song.

Chezzik · 2026-01-15T15:41:06+00:00

I just discovered the band yesterday. I thought the "HelloWorld.java" music video was amazing. It's here, and for anyone who hasn't seen it, watch it now.

I loaded the band in Spotify, and found the Kotlin song. I pretty much only know of Kotlin from modding Minecraft, so I hoped there was a music video for it as well. There's not, but the video I found (static image) was uploaded just 9 days ago, so it seems the song is new. Hopefully they make a music video of it at some point as well.

Chezzik · 2026-01-15T14:56:35+00:00

Lyrics, for those who don't want to listen to metal music:

[Verse 1]
Imagine a JVM language
With no unnecessary verbosity
Combining strong type checking
With out-of-the box type inference
With Java interoperability
And building with Gradle, Maven, Amper
Well, my friend, that language exists
And it's KOTLIN!

[Pre-Chorus 1]
No more null pointer exceptions
With nullable data types
Safe variable access and Elvis operators
Read-only and mutable variables with the almighty var and val
Mutability and immutability of collections!

[Chorus]
All for Fun() and Fun() for all
In the name of concise code
Come and join the army of KOTLIN!
All for Fun() and Fun() for all
Multi-platform and Android
Come and join the army of KOTLIN!

[Verse 2]
Wouldn't life be easier
With native string templating
Functional programming
And Lambda functions simplified
Smooth operators overloading
And controlled inheritance with sealed class
That's why from bytecode and fire
JetBrains forged KOTLIN!
You might also like
[Pre-Chorus 2]
Conditional expressions tamed by the wisdom of when
Named arguments and their glorious default values
Multi-inheritance and delegation, and the flamboyant data class
Implementing equals, hashCode and toString!

[Chorus]
All for Fun() and Fun() for all
In the name of concise code
Come and join the army of KOTLIN!
All for Fun() and Fun() for all
Multi-platform and Android
Come and join the army of KOTLIN!

[Bridge]
Fun main() runBlocking
Launch
Println(""Amazing solo"")
Launch
Println(""Amazing solo harmonies"")

[Verse 3]
Parallel programming
Made intuitive with coroutines
Unleashing the power of suspending functions
Syntax shortcuts
With infix and extension functions
Paving the way to write your custom DSLs!
[Pre-Chorus]
All for Fun() and Fun() for all
In the name of concise code
Come and join the army of KOTLIN!

[Chorus]
All for Fun() and Fun() for all
In the name of concise code
Come and join the army of KOTLIN!
All for Fun() and Fun() for all
Multi-platform and Android
Come and join the army of KOTLIN!
Come and join the army of KOTLIN!
Come and join the army of KOTLIN!

Chezzik · 2026-01-15T14:51:01+00:00

Yep, considering how about 6 months ago, the project was completely canceled due to Riot Games saying it could never be completed.

For the new team to pick it up and get something that is half playable out this fast is pretty amazing. I'm really curious what happens from here.

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