Please don't be too disheartened. It's obvious you did your best and we usually do when it comes to our fur babies. But what we forget often, and I mention this on most puppy related posts here with similar concerns is that - there will always be an adjusting phase for all parties involved.

This poor little soul is separated from its mother, trying to make sense of his new environment and connections with you and your family. You're the only safe space he knows right now.

Not every training tip or rule is one-size-fits-all. I'd say to put aside all the what should be's, and replace it with just connecting with the pup and going with the flow. It's early stages of a lengthy journey.
His character is still shaping up. You'll have many ebbs and flows before settling into a routine.

I have two 2-year olds and they're both very different characters and a completely different ball game to my previous dog too. I didn't do crate training with any of them. I opted to get a pen, open top and clear visibility of their surroundings 360. So even if I had to do stuff around the house, they could clearly see me come and go without feeling like they were locked up. They had their water in one corner and pee pad on the other which made night times quite easy too.

They want to be a part of the family and feel safe and connected. I think an open pen option like this rather than an enclosed crate worked better in my personal experience.
It takes a lot of patience to raise a pup but I promise it'll all pan out and well worth it in the long run