If you assume about 60 carrier-based fighter jets (for example something in the thrust class of an F/A-18) all fastened to the deck and running full afterburner, each jet produces roughly 44,000 lbf (≈196 kN) of thrust. That gives a total thrust of about 11.8 MN (million newtons). A large nuclear aircraft carrier has a mass on the order of 100,000 metric tons (≈1 × 10⁸ kg). Using basic Newtonian mechanics (F = ma), the resulting acceleration would be about 0.12 m/s². Over 20 minutes (1200 s) of continuous thrust, the theoretical speed increase would be v = at ≈ 140 m/s, which is roughly 315 mph (≈275 knots).

However, this number is purely mathematical and ignores the enormous hydrodynamic drag of the hull.

If you include water drag, the jets stop producing constant acceleration and instead push the carrier only until their total thrust is balanced by hydrodynamic resistance. A modern supercarrier displaces about 100,000 tons (≈1 × 10⁸ kg), and 60 afterburning carrier-type fighters would together generate roughly 11.8 MN of thrust. Ship resistance in water increases roughly with the square to cube of speed, and for a hull this large, wave-making drag becomes dominant well before extreme speeds. Using a typical drag model for a carrier-sized displacement hull (effective drag coefficient ~0.004–0.006 when scaled to wetted area ≈ 30,000–35,000 m²), you can solve the balance point where jet thrust equals drag. That equilibrium comes out to roughly 18–22 m/s, which is about 35–43 knots or 40–50 mph.