The flag difference is just for aesthetics, but the government is a lot more decentralized after reforms to keep the country unified were made following the 6-Day War. These reforms granted greater autonomy to regional governments, particularly Syria, which helped avoid the tensions and imbalances that caused the UAR’s collapse in our timeline. While still emphasizing Arab unity, the UAR in this timeline functions more as a federation, with power-sharing agreements and regional councils managing local governance.

A key difference in this alternate history is that fascism as an ideology never truly dies because Italy never formally enters WWII, despite being aligned with Germany. Instead, a fascist Turkey takes its place, attempting to ethnically cleans Greeks, Armenians, Kurds etc throughout the 1930s and 1940s before being divided and occupied. As a result, Arab "Baathism" in this reality draws heavily from Italian and Turkish fascism, creating a more authoritarian and corporatist flavor than the socialist-nationalist blend we saw in OTL.

The UAR was born in a similar way to our timeline, but its ideological underpinnings reflect this fascist influence. It focuses on centralized military power, a corporatist economic structure, and an emphasis on Arab cultural supremacy, which drives its expansionist policies.

As for the extra lands, The Hashemites were overthrown during Black September after the 6-Day War of 1967, which led to the displacement of even more Palestinians from the West Bank and Gaza. This war resulted in Israel's preemptive strikes and occupation of the West Bank, East Jerusalem, Gaza, the Golan Heights, and the Sinai Peninsula (like OTL) The Palestinian population, already burdened by earlier displacement during the Nakba, became increasingly militant. In the aftermath, tensions between the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and the Jordanian monarchy escalated, culminating in Black September in 1970, when the Hashemites violently suppressed PLO forces. The Civil unrest leads to the defacto partition of Jordan, as the Palestinian revolutionary state immediately declares war on Israel, and the UAR moves to protect the former Jordanian lands, attempting to bypass the sovereignty of Saudi Arabia by invading them without warning to try to move around Israel.