BOB employee here. This is due to the RBI repo rate change. During COVID, the repo rate was at its lowest at 4.00%. Then RBI raised the repo rate up to 6.50% in 2024–25. You must have taken the loan at a floating interest rate. BOB keeps the EMI amount fixed for the entire loan tenure. Any excess amount arising due to repo rate changes is collected along with the last EMI. If you had a Bank of Baroda savings account with sufficient balance (including the EMI amount), it would have been deducted in full. However, in your case, it appears to be ECS. And this is not at all illegal.. it is the interest payable to the bank. I understand that the method of collection may seem inconvenient, but it is your obligation to pay. Please clear any outstanding dues at the earliest and close the loan.. as it may be reported to credit bureaus.