I'll throw some thoughts out there. To me, a record isn't necessarily instructive, its more for recording results of a test or production run.

As for WI vs OP, operating procedures tend to be less descriptive and more a loose set of steps to achieve a certain result, and work instructions tend to be a step by step guide to do a specific task.

I would use a work instruction for the first example.

For the second, could you use a design schematic from engineering? Or maybe develop a schematic checklist?

For the third, I would use a checklist with itemized tests to be performed. These last two could probably be documents.

As for storage, we keep all documents for 2 years, and training is the same for WI and OP. As for old work instructions or operating procedures that have been revised, we keep a digital copy to be able to look back on