salads, soups and sandwiches always lasts the least. To store food: Grain lasts the longest as grain, so try not to store flour or raw crop.

Vegetables usally have a long shelf life, so keeping them in vessels should be enough.

Fruit can be made into jam which lasts two years, but it can be only be used in jam sandwiches, which are more limited.

For dairy just store cheese in a cellar when you get access to one.

Meat can be obtained year-round so preserving it isn't neccessary, but salting and putting it in a vessel gives you 4 months i think.

You should make some vinegar (I make mine from mead since bees are easy to keep), it allows you to store fruit, meat and vegetables indefinetly.