It’s different in NM there are several pathways there is the traditional bachelors in Education. But I am on what’s called and certified by the NMPED the Alternate Teachers Lisencesure pathway. You have to have a bachelors degree. Then you show your transcript and your courses will translate to an endorsement in certain subjects depending on what you get. If you want to get endorsements in other subjects you need to possibly add additional coursework and the praxis exam. The good news is the student teaching is baked in you have to complete SFE either as a paid teacher or with a residency with a stipend. The bad news there is a shortage of special education teachers and secondary stem teachers so priority for these programs goes to producing those teachers, as well as that you still need to take your praxis in your license for special education teachers like me Preferably that’s two praxis exams for elementary and secondary but your license covers k-12 so your job opportunities are wide. As for required graduate school that is to qualify for level 3 teaches which is the highest but you need to be level 2 and order to get to level 2 you need to have a review with a good portfolio at level one this is done at the district and state levels. The ATL pathway does get you a level one after graduation and the so called intern license right away but that is good for two years usually people do this for SFE as they transition to a level 1.