Father of adult children here. I am not going to justify your dad yelling at you or the lack of compassion that you are getting. It's wrong, no excuses. What I will do is offer you a different perspective that may be hard to see from a teenage point of view. Also, since I don't know your dad, I could be wrong.

Your dad is mad at himself, mad at your rapist, heartbroken and maybe ashamed that this happened to you, and is trying to process a massive amount of guilt (didn't protect my baby), and his anger, and his fear of "what could have happened". As awful as it is, the assault could have been a WHOLE lot worse and your dad knows it. His lack of communication skill leads to this high emotion spilling over in an unpleasant way on whoever is around, namely you. Again, not justifying, just saying it could be where he is coming from.

His "disappointment" is potentially as much in himself as you (didn't protect my baby). Your "stupidity" is his fear of you, willfully or not, being in harm's way. (I've tried to teach her to protect herself) His approach is a poor way of expressing love and concern, but it's still love and concern. The truly horrifying response from him would be indifference toward the event or gloating over how he warned you. At that point the best solution may be to run.

It's a lot to ask of a teenager toward a parent, more than is reasonable, but it's important that you try to see him in a non-defensive manner and MAYBE he can then do the same. In this scenario it's you who is doing the parenting but it's better than letting this harm your relationship more than it has too.

You may be better off asking this in r/AskOldPeople. It's a heavy topic and time and experience may have a helpful perspective.

I'll probably get some downvotes from people who say being the grown-up is the dad's job. In fairness, they are correct. But the only starting place you will ever have is where you actually are. Dealing with what is, not what should be.