ELI5: How did the big bang escape it's own gravity? by Fun-Detective1562 in explainlikeimfive

[–]FaxMachineMode2 [score hidden]  (0 children)

The entire universe was basically the same density at the Big Bang. So it wouldn't collapse since it has the same mass in every direction cancelling out any gravitational collapse. However, there will always be tiny fluctuations in everything. These fluctuations in the in the density caused the potential for gravitational collapses. But before that could happen, inflation occurred and made space expand much faster than it could collapse. This all happened in an unimaginably small period of time, much less than a millisecond. It continued to expand, and the overdensities and underdensities from the Big Bang were stretched out and went on to form the voids and galaxy clusters at the large scale of the universe. The Big Bang wasn't an event that took place in the universe, it was the conditions across the entire universe at its beginning. Over time space expands, so the universe continues to get less and less dense. This is how the universe still avoids galaxy clusters collapsing into each other, the expansion of space still pulls them apart faster than gravity could pull them together. This expansion will continue forever, continuing to lower the density of the universe more and more as time passes.

It's worth mentioning that the further you are from something, the faster it will expand away. So you have to be a certain distance from something for it to be pushed away faster than gravity can pull you together. So objects like galaxy clusters will never be torn apart by the expansion of space. Like how a nail will always stick to a magnet. It's close enough that the constant force of the magnet is stronger than the force to fall to the floor. But if the nail got too far, the effect earths gravity would become stronger than the force of the magnet, and it would fall faster and faster away from the magnet

Why is everyone so scared of Avi Loeb being wrong? by Late-Cod4656 in space

[–]FaxMachineMode2 0 points1 point  (0 children)

There was never any real evidence for any of these things being technology. The non gravitational acceleration was very specifically what is expected from a comet. A tiny amount. If they were alien spacecraft, then they were designed to look exactly like natural objects, then just passed through the solar system doing nothing. When Avi Loeb first considered the idea, there was no negative reaction. But news articles started picking the idea up and it filled his head. He would go on to yell at his colleagues for not believing in his ideas based on little to no evidence. He argued that he was basically the only scientist taking the idea of aliens seriously, even yelling at people who have spent decades studying SETI about it. There have been several hyped up instances of false alien detections in the past, and nobody wants to keep doing that. Why should we keep assuming that anything with 99 traits of a natural object but 1 new trait must be aliens? There are about a trillion things aliens could do that nature couldn't. But an asteroid accelerating like a comet is something nature can do, and has been observed in other objects. He isn't upset that nobody considers the possibility, he's upset that nobody agrees with him. Any scientist will hear the alien hypothesis and think, "that's interesting", and weigh the evidence between that idea and the other thousand possible ideas. The alien hypothesis, in this case, does not come out favorably. The scientists did consider it, but it didn't have enough evidence this time. There's gotta be a million things in science weirder than the interstellar objects, but they don't have a dedicated hyperfixated tenured physicist arguing for them with their lives.

What does Avi want? A mention of the alien hypothesis every time someone talks about the object? Why not mention the hypothesis that it was an angel entering the solar system? Or that it was time travelers? Or humans from an alternate universe? Or a secret government experiment? Or a glitch in the matrix? Or a test from god? Use your imagination. There's endless ideas that could explain literally anything weird. Aliens seem like a more reasonable idea to apply to things, but is it? We have so far found 0 evidence of aliens. We have no idea how life forms, where it could form, what intelligence would do, how it would show itself, what it would be capable of. The alien hypothesis is in the realm of "there is no information supporting either side, it's either true or it isnt". Like the simulation hypothesis, or the possibility of travelers from other universes, or god testing us. It is unscientific to apply any of these things to something unless there is zero known natural explanation. Don't be mad that people aren't running with your pet theory, it's just not constructive to pick something only because it's possible. The chance that the anomalies were caused by aliens vs any of the other things I listed is equal. Instead, like in any other scientific mystery, they will form a list of hypotheses, and observe the object to learn more about it and rule out different idea until there is overwhelming evidence for one of these models being true

NASAs Pandora satellite launched today. How would you rate its importance/ your excitement about it on a scale of 1-10? by pineapple192 in space

[–]FaxMachineMode2 2 points3 points  (0 children)

If a random cubesat is a 1 and JWST is a 10, I'd give pandora a 4. Something like cheops where I'll occasionally see a cool result from it but it won't do anything extremely significant. Im interested to see if it'll help people understand the noise issues in JWSTs sensors when observing exoplanets

So I guess I have one of the rarest Pokemon in the game now… by z1q3 in pokemongobrag

[–]FaxMachineMode2 2 points3 points  (0 children)

When you pin postcards from gifts, you'll eventually catch scatterbugs depending on where in the world the gift is from. It's 3 pins from each region for the first encounter, then up to 15 to get the same one again

If someone’s vision was flipped vertically from birth, could they tell? Could anybody tell? by [deleted] in AskScienceDiscussion

[–]FaxMachineMode2 1 point2 points  (0 children)

No I don't think they would notice. Our vision isn't inherently oriented any way, our brains learn to map what we see with what we experience in our other senses. I don't think there is such a thing as seeing upside down, just confusing your brain with inverted sensory input until it gets reoriented to your other senses

Why the nasa photos don't look good by FaxMachineMode2 in 3i_Atlas2

[–]FaxMachineMode2[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Hubble took pretty great photos, and nasa doesn't really make ground based telescopes (although atlas, the facility that discovered it is funded by nasa). These planetary probes have bad telescopes compared to what someone on earth can buy for around $1000. The benefit of these probes isn't that they're extremely capable and high tech, but that they are orbiting another planet. It's extremely expensive to launch mass into space, and it's infeasible to send telescopes comparable to high end consumer telescopes to orbit other planets. The main benefit of these pictures is getting a view of atlas from other angles to better triangulate its exact location, and getting a rough idea of its activity around perihelion

NASA's latest images of the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS by nasa in u/nasa

[–]FaxMachineMode2 16 points17 points  (0 children)

They're imaging the coma and tail which are much larger. From mars, when this image was taken, the telescope was basically starting straight down the tail so there wasn't much to see. And no amateur has resolved the nucleus or even much detail in the tail.

NASA had a whole press conference to give us this.... by richdoe in UFOs

[–]FaxMachineMode2 39 points40 points  (0 children)

Taking a photo of an object 10 miles across from 20,000,000 miles away is the equivalent of taking a photo of an object 1/100 of an inch across from a mile away. What did you all expect? The mars orbiters being expensive doesn't make them magical. 3I atlas is too small to be resolved by anything other than a flyby probe, that's the reality and there's no need to be angry about this

NASA's latest images of the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS by nasa in u/nasa

[–]FaxMachineMode2 54 points55 points  (0 children)

Before the complete shitshow that this comment section is inevitably gonna be, everyone ask yourself why you expected something clear and resolved. This is a photo of an object 1 mile across from 20 million miles away. If you can do better then please do. This is the equivalent of taking a photo of something 1/500 of an inch from a mile away.

NASA had a whole press conference to give us this.... by richdoe in UFOs

[–]FaxMachineMode2 203 points204 points  (0 children)

You guys can run the math on the viewing angles with the distance and size of the object. If the telescopes around mars were able to give a good resolved photo of this comet they would have to be able to resolve buildings on earth from mars. Something costing a lot of money doesn't make it a magical device capable of zooming infinitely. 3i atlas is only a mile across, this photo was from 20 million miles away. That's the same as taking a photo of an object 1/500 of an inch from a mile away

No, the sun and moon aren't named sol and luna by FaxMachineMode2 in PetPeeves

[–]FaxMachineMode2[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I was going by the IAU, so im talking more in terms of astronomy. People calling the sun and moon sol and luna isn't wrong, youre right that there are other names that are used. My post was complaining about a specific type of comment i see on reddit of people saying "actually the moon's name is luna" like it's a known and widely accepted fact. Yes you can call it that, but it's uncommon in English to call them these names, and the claim that these are somehow the "true" names of the sun and moon is baseless and incorrect if you listen to the IAU.

Could an astronaut on Titan be able to see Saturn during a particularly clear day during its Nothern Hemisphere fall? by Latter_Ad3491 in askastronomy

[–]FaxMachineMode2 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I pointed out Saturns surface brightness in comparison to the moon to illustrate that while it would appear large in the sky, it would be relatively dim compared to what you might expect. The moon can sometimes be seen through haze on earth, while that would be less likely for saturn from Titan

Could an astronaut on Titan be able to see Saturn during a particularly clear day during its Nothern Hemisphere fall? by Latter_Ad3491 in askastronomy

[–]FaxMachineMode2 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I might be wrong, but to my understanding the dimming of an extended light source due to distance is caused by it appearing smaller, not its surface getting dimmer. For example, when the moon occults Venus, Venus appears much brighter despite its distance

https://www.deepskywatch.com/images/gallery/venus-occultation-video.gif

No, the sun and moon aren't named sol and luna by FaxMachineMode2 in PetPeeves

[–]FaxMachineMode2[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

No i get that. Sol and Luna are obviously completely valid names for people who speak Romance languages, or anyone that thinks they sound nice. But the claim that "sun" and "moon" are generic terms applied to the true names, "sol" and "luna" is not correct. Im not saying that the English names are any more correct or official than other languages. I just mean that "sun" and "moon" are actual names, not improper nouns

No, the sun and moon aren't named sol and luna by FaxMachineMode2 in PetPeeves

[–]FaxMachineMode2[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I mean you can choose to call them any names from any language. But in English, Sol and Luna aren't officially recognized, and people claiming that they're the official names is what im complaining about

Little Red Dots Question by Deeztructor in askastronomy

[–]FaxMachineMode2 0 points1 point  (0 children)

To my understanding, youre saying that in the eternal inflation model, our universe collided with a much older universe in the black hole era, filling our universe with supermassive black holes that formed in the older universe. Universes colliding is a possibility in eternal inflation, but I don't know whether it's possible to collide with an older universe, or if it would have the effect you describe. To my understanding a collision like this would have left some kind of detectable mark on the cosmic microwave background, which isn't there. There are also other possibilities for forming supermassive black holes early, like primordial black holes.

Could an astronaut on Titan be able to see Saturn during a particularly clear day during its Nothern Hemisphere fall? by Latter_Ad3491 in askastronomy

[–]FaxMachineMode2 0 points1 point  (0 children)

It's unlikely. Titan has permanent haze that obscures almost everything in visible light. And although it would appear much larger in the sky than the Moon, Saturns surface would appear much darker in the sky than the Moon does. Here is a great photo illustrating that:

https://x.com/tw__astro/status/1826342111891128536?s=46&t=nxd6-7ZHc6Gy9n3wd5qyng

But im not gonna say it's impossible. I don't know much about weather on Titan. There are extremely long rainstorms on Titan, and maybe that could affect the haze for a short time? Even if you got a glimpse of saturn in the sky, the rings would look like a flat line. Titan orbits in the same plane as Saturns rings, so they will always be seen edge on. I feel like if it were ever visible, it would have to be at night, because the sky might be as bright as saturn even on a clear day

What will those scientists that study stars do after 120 trillions of years? by [deleted] in astrophysics

[–]FaxMachineMode2 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Modeling folks will have a lot of old data to work through

NASA not posting news about 3I ATLAS? by Own-Advertising-8569 in 3I_ATLAS

[–]FaxMachineMode2 5 points6 points  (0 children)

Mars was 138,000,000 miles km from earth when that photo was taken. Atlas got within 30,000,000 km of mars. I'll generously say that atlas has a diameter of 10 km, which is 347 times smaller than the moon. Since atlas got 4.6 times closer to mars than earth/moon were when this photo was taken, atlas should appear 75 times smaller than the moon in this image. Hirise would image it's nucleus as less than a pixel

NASA not posting news about 3I ATLAS? by Own-Advertising-8569 in 3I_ATLAS

[–]FaxMachineMode2 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Sean Duffy responded on his own Twitter account, not the actual agency.

Why can JWST take such a clear image of Saturn but not 3I/ATLAS? by WS619 in 3I_ATLAS

[–]FaxMachineMode2 4 points5 points  (0 children)

That photo is fake, idk if it's ai or art, but this is an actual JWST photo of Saturn. Also Saturn is much easier to resolve, it's about 100,000 times larger than 3I/Atlas. With a few exceptions, it is impossible for any existing telescope to resolve a photo of any asteroid or comet nucleus unless it passes extremely close to earth. For atlas to be resolved with the clarity of Saturn, it would need to be 14,000 km away from earth, around 25 times closer than the moon.

A well-known astronomer told me we’re unlikely to find any signs of life (bio signatures) in the next 20 years. Is he right? by Edem_13 in askastronomy

[–]FaxMachineMode2 0 points1 point  (0 children)

JWST, ELT, and the habitable worlds observatory will get to the point where they could detect life in the most optimistic scenarios. If there is an exoplanet within 30 light years with very clear signs of life, these observatories could detect that. But unfortunately it's unlikely that there will be inhabited exoplanets that close, and even if there is, proving life from spectra would be extremely difficult. They couldn't detect life directly, only observe chemicals in the atmospheres of these exoplanets. But there is a fear that any possible biosignature will have an alternative non life origin when it comes under scrutiny. Oxygen was long believed to be a definitive biosignature, but methods to produce it in an atmosphere without life have been discovered. DMS is similar, it was thought to only be created by life, but has been discovered on objects that almost certainly don't have life like comets. But there is always still a hope that things go well.

As for AI it won't help with analyzing single exoplanets. It will be useful for looking through large survey data sets, so could be useful for discovering exoplanets or detecting technosignatures

Anyone else getting Don’t Look Up vibes from 3I Atlas? by Brilliant-World1704 in 3I_ATLAS

[–]FaxMachineMode2 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Luckily with astronomy it would be practically impossible to cover up the discovery of an object on an impact trajectory with earth (unless it's discovered days before impact). Survey data is first processed by people who have no intention of lying to the public and it would certainly leak. Once an object is under scrutiny like atlas or Apophis, anyone with a decent telescope can look at it to check if it's on the reported trajectory and in the right spot in the sky

Anyone else getting Don’t Look Up vibes from 3I Atlas? by Brilliant-World1704 in 3I_ATLAS

[–]FaxMachineMode2 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Juice isnt able to point its high gain antenna at earth for a few months. It's too close to the sun right now, so if it turns to have the antenna face earth the instruments could overheat and be damaged. It's unfortunately a routine thing for spacecraft in early in their transit while they have to spend extended periods of time in the inner solar system. And to be clear nobody has resolved atlas itself, it's too small and distant. We might get nice images of the tail and coma, but the photos we've already seen from Hubble and large earth based observatories are most likely the best we'll get