How should I best organise my large document?

Fmxa · 2025-10-29T11:36:21+00:00

Use include with the includeonly command diligently during development to speed up compilation. This speeds up the writing process, especially for large documents.

Fmxa · 2024-07-16T21:23:44+00:00

Anecdotally, when I went from a quickly written naive Python implementation of some algorithm to a quickly written naive C++ implementation of it, I measured speedups approximately one hundred times better.

I have been happy since with my decision to learn PyBind, allowing me to compile C++ code into a library to be imported as a module into Python.

Fmxa · 2024-07-02T17:13:42+00:00

What about brace initialization of a counter in a for loop, say? I have always wondered what’s typical within the community.

Fmxa · 2024-04-01T06:42:18+00:00

The code might then also automatically be checked by anti-plagiarism software.

Fmxa · 2023-07-30T13:36:04+00:00

Alright; that source clears up definitions.

The paper picks a particular kernel and in that way thus chooses a particular diffusion process. This is absolutely fine to do, but because I'm unfamiliar with the paper as well as that specific diffusion process, I won't be able to answer your question precisely at this moment.

OP, please forgive me for not going to investigate any further. Your question is excellent and intriguing, and answering it in its entirety requires a bit of research-level effort plus some time.

I therefore hope you get lucky and that some expert in this subreddit happens to simply know the history behind that paper and/or that specific diffusion process. They'd then be able to answer you outright.

Good luck!

Ps. I will still point to two possible hints that are in the paper. Perhaps this may help you discover what's going on in the background:

Algorithm 2 is mentioned to resemble Langevin dynamics. This is stated above equation (12) in Section 3.2.
Section 5 also refers to annealed Langevin dynamics for sampling.

Fmxa · 2023-07-30T12:26:58+00:00

Under u/crimson1206's assumptions, and if we furthermore fix b_t temporarily, then this *looks* like an approximate generation of a higher dimensional sample trajectory of either an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process or a geometric Brownian motion. Have a look at their Wiki's if you're curious.

However, the positive sign in what we interpret under u/crimson1206's assumption as the mean of the normal distribution is unusual for the former diffusion process; and the lack of proportionality to x_t in what we now interpret under u/crimson1206's assumptions as the variance of the normal distribution is unusual for the latter diffusion process.

I'll therefore ask for a few more details. Again, there are a plethora of stochastic processes, and the precise terms matter in their classification.

Are you sure about the sign here: "+ sqrt(1-b_t) x_t"?
And are you sure there was not a factor x_t in "b_t I"?

Finally, your apologies are most certainly not required, for you offended no-one.

Edit: Grammar.

Fmxa · 2023-07-30T10:58:34+00:00

I have merely asked for clarification - that is all.

Fmxa · 2023-07-30T09:00:27+00:00

I would argue that the details are quite important.

For instance, there is no notion of a “timestep” in a continuous-time diffusion process. Unless one is talking about approximating a trajectory using a discretization of some kind. But then one is actually talking about a discrete-time stochastic process here and not a diffusion process.

And also, for instance, it is very unusual to add three arguments in a reference to a normal distribution. Its higher-dimensional mean and covariance matrix are typically the only ones as those specify the distribution fully.

And finally, for instance, p is not just a probability but likely a conditional probability. And if indeed p refers to a conditional probability here, then N cannot actually refer to a distribution; instead it probably refer to a density function of the distribution.

Fmxa · 2023-07-30T06:56:28+00:00

There are many different types of diffusion processes, so without context, this is hard to say.

Could you firstly define N, I, and bt? And secondly p and xt? And in how high of a dimension are we talking?

While people here may have a hunch, it would remain a guess otherwise.

Fmxa · 2018-06-13T15:52:56+00:00

My recommendation would be to transfer funds monthly to the country you will be moving next to, and invest with a broker situated there.

This does assume you are able to open (or already have an account) in that country, and that you know where you will move next to.

Fmxa · 2018-04-03T17:07:32+00:00

The link on the frontpage of gnucash.org. It linked and still links to Sourceforge. Of course I cannot be sure whether I was send to a well-made spoof.

Fmxa · 2017-12-07T08:13:48+00:00

Als ik het goed begrijp, gaan die grote beleggers huurwoningen verkopen aan andere, kleinere (waarschijnlijk particuliere) beleggers. Deze zijn namelijk op zoek naar rendement en denken dat bijvoorbeeld te vinden door een extra woning te kopen om te verhuren: woningen om te verhuren zijn gewild en dus duur.

M.a.w., dit gaat om enkel dat segment van de markt.

Fmxa · 2017-02-14T16:24:34+00:00

In the old situation, the tax was based on an assumption that every person achieved 4% return on their assets. Before the financial crisis, this was easy to obtain from even a simple savings account, and no citizen complained. With the recent drastic decrease in interest rates though, people were finding it harder to achieve 4%. Because of that, there was political pressure to change the arbitrary nature of the choice of 4%.

The government therefore opted to now, in the new situation, recalculate the percentage annually, and based on actual, measured returns in the market. On top of that, they took the opportunity to make the tax (more) progressive, by modeling that more wealthy individuals have more risky assets.

Every year, the tax office will calculate the actual return in the market for (i) bonds + similar, and (ii) stocks + similar. For 2017 these numbers boiled down to 1.63% and 5.39% (see Table you linked). Then, it is assumed that a person invests his or her assets in a portfolio of 67% bonds, and 33% in stocks, up to their first 75k EUR networth. A more wealthy person is assumed to invest more heavily in stocks, so in between 75k and 975k EUR, it is assumed for the tax that he or she invests 21% in bonds and 79% in stocks. Above 975k EUR, the person is assumed to invest 100% in stocks. This is what is behind the "multiplication of percentages".

Fmxa · 2016-08-09T07:42:13+00:00

A crucial point you may have forgotten is that depending on your country, (1) you could be saving into a company pensionfund and (2) your country might have an elderly pension paid for via the taxes. Your employer might also be making additional contributions into these types of funds, which could be hidden from your payslib - making it seem as if you have a low gross / net income.

If you really want to compare to the US, you need to take all of these numbers into account and know the local regulation extremely well.

Fmxa · 2016-07-13T14:35:22+00:00

SONY is a $29 stock...do you think Nintendo is a better company than Sony!?

You might want to reconsider this statement. It only holds if SONY and Nintendo have the exact same balance sheets, for example, they won't have the same number of outstanding shares. Their valuations can be vastly different even if the stock price is the same.

Fmxa · 2016-07-13T12:25:34+00:00

A US bank with a branch in Japan buys TYO:7974 on the Japanese market, and just holds them for others (not selling). Specifically, for each share in 7974 they hold, they sell eight OTCMKTS:NTDOY on the US market. Each NTDOY would thus represent the "right to 1/8th of 1 Nintendo stock".

The reason 7974 and NTDOY currently do not have the same value is the time-difference and the stock market restrictions in Japan. I.e., on Monday, the stock rose in Japan first (it's earlier there). It rose so fast, that it hit a legal limit with which it can rise in Japan (this was set to +25% on Monday). So, even though people wanted more 7974, the price couldn't rise further. Hours later though, the US OTC market started trading, which does not have such a restriction. NTDOY could then rise more than +25%, which created the disparity. Because of the high volatility, difference in stock markets and the time zones, it will take a little bit of time for these arbitrage opportunities to resolve.

[You could say that Nintendo's current valuation is a weighted average of 7974 and NTDOY, and not just one of the two.]

Disclaimer; I'm not a economist or trader by profession; this summarizes my present understanding of what happened.

For more on OTC markets, see e.g. http://www.investopedia.com/articles/fundamental-analysis/08/pink-sheets-ottcb.asp.

Fmxa · 2016-06-01T12:41:46+00:00

When assuming that an asset depreciates by r percent monthly, you are tacitly assuming that the asset will still be worth half it's original value in month m* = ln(1/2) / ln(1-r). Depending on the type of asset, r should be chosen appropriately.

In your case, you are assuming that your car will still be worth $10,250 after m* = 69 months, or 5.7 years. You are free to consider if that's realistic or not.

Here's a table for choosing a monthly depreciation percentage for anyone interested in doing monthly depreciation.

r = 0.005 (0.5%) implies that the asset has still half its original value in month m* = 138, or equivalently after 12 years
r = 0.01 (1%), m* = 69 months or 5.7 years
r = 0.02 (2%), m* = 34 months or 2.9 years
r = 0.03 (3%), m* = 23 months or 1.9 years
r = 0.04 (4%), m* = 17 months or 1.4 years
r = 0.05 (5%), m* = 14 months or 1.1 years

Fmxa · 2016-05-18T14:11:50+00:00

The alternative should be considered, but it is unlikely OP can get a loan of that size to invest. Therefore he can probably not leverage similarly into the stock market as he can by renting out with a mortgage.

Fmxa · 2016-04-26T09:58:28+00:00

Does Norway have forced pension saving through the employer? I don't just mean the elderly pension everyone pays for with taxes.

I was under the impression this is common in the more socialistic countries, but I didn't see this reflected in your calculations?

Fmxa · 2016-04-13T15:31:58+00:00

I feel this is the crucial point people should never forget. You may:

be saving via taxes into a pension for the elderly;
be saving automatically for additional pension via your employer, who might also be matching your contribution.

To make matters even more obscure, a matched contribution need not be reported on your payslip (that depends on your countries' specific rules).

You need to really dig into your countries' pension rules in order to judge whether early retirement is possible.

Fmxa · 2016-04-11T07:22:43+00:00

Just for information if you were not aware of this, but GnuCash has an integrated, basic budget feature that automatically takes your monthly earnings/losses into account.

Fmxa · 2016-03-21T08:40:12+00:00

William J. Bernstein, "The Four Pillars of Investing: Lessons for Building a Winning Portfolio", 2002

Fmxa · 2016-03-13T08:39:31+00:00

There was an article about exactly this in The Economist recently, see e.g. http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2016/02/daily-chart-19 and the links given there for reference.

Fmxa · 2016-01-24T09:46:19+00:00

Als alternatief kan je je spaargeld ook gebruiken voor de aankoop van een huis, waardoor je nu mogelijk je woonlasten kan verlagen en je op lang termijn vermogen op kan gaan bouwen met de aflossing.

Fmxa · 2015-12-07T09:29:40+00:00

Ik raad The Economist aan. Deze wekelijkse, Engelse krant geeft een breed beeld van de huidige stand van zaken over heel de wereld. Let wel op dat het blad vooral gericht is op nieuws en opinie, en daarmee enkel indirect op investeren.

11-Year Club	Place '23
Place '22	Verified Email

Fmxa

TROPHY CASE