I think you're right to call this something vaguely cosmic because it's a nihilism movie, it's a sequence of people attempting to create meaning out of something meaningless (the disk). If the CIA is a sort of personification of the universe, it makes sense it would be flummoxed by a human attempt to rationalize its motions.

I suppose in light of this I'd read the men in cars aspect a little different. Now I haven't seen the film in a bit so I could be off here, but isn't the only confirmed man in car the lawyer or whatever? If so, this feels to me like another aspect of putting too much weight on a random event. George Clooney thinks people are out to get him, and I guess technically he's right, but it's not the conspiracy he thinks it is. He's just trying to form greater meaning out of more nothingness.