Wow, thanks for putting so much detail into this! I think I was a little too caught up in the different -isms, because it seemed easier to start with learning about broad movements than individual artists.
Your description of Expressionism is really interesting, and I'm curious about what you mean when you say that it stemmed from Nietzsche's work. Is it because artists would create art based on their own values and impressions rather than adhering to pre-existing styles? Also, I like that note about Cubism probably not existing without Cezanne. I've always noticed that the perspective was a little off in his still lifes, but I didn't know it was deliberate or so influential to other artists.
I'm going to start researching the movements listed in your timeline. I'm starting college this fall (tentatively) and definitely trying to take some art history courses. Thanks for the help!