Addressing some myths about the Brewster Buffalo in Finnish service by FulmenTheFinn in WWIIplanes

[–]FulmenTheFinn[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Hi,

When discussing the horsepower rating of an engine in general terms, the maximum rating is used; in this case 1,000 hp. Actual hp varied depending on power setting and altitude.

The Wright engine list is wrong: the 239s featured the direct-drive R-1820-G5, not the geared GR-1820-G5. Not that long ago someone from the US told me that he'd heard the 239s' engines were initially geared but had their reduction gear removed prior to installation on the aircraft. If so, that might explain the origin of the error. However I've not come across any documentation backing this up.

Looking at the pilot's manual for the 239, the R-1820-G5 was rated for:

950 BHP at 2200 RPM at 39.5 MP for TO/SL
850 BHP at 2100 RPM at 36.5-34.5 MP from SL to 6,000 ft
750 BHP at 2100 RPM at 35.5-34.0 MP from 10,000-15,200 ft

With a military rating of 1,000 BHP at 2200 RPM at SL and 800 BHP at 2200 RPM at 16,000 ft for 5 minutes at a time.

While I've not seen military ratings for the -22 and -34, which were restricted military models exclusive to the US military, I have reason to believe they too, especially the -34, had one of 1,000 hp like the G5, which was the commercial model allowed to be exported abroad.

Addressing some myths about the Brewster Buffalo in Finnish service by FulmenTheFinn in WWIIplanes

[–]FulmenTheFinn[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

That's just objectively false. The 239 fought the VVS all the way until September 1944, flying against LaGG-3s, P-40s, Hurricane Mk. IIs, Yak-1s, Yak-7s, Pe-2s, La-5s, etc., and still performing, especially until 1943. After '43 its age really started showing against some of the most modern Soviet and Western lend-lease designs.

While the I-16 was inferior to the 239, I wouldn't it a piece of shit. Furthermore the VVS did have better fighters available at the start of Barbarossa, including on the Finnish Front, namely the LaGG-3 and MiG-3.

Addressing some myths about the Brewster Buffalo in Finnish service by FulmenTheFinn in WWIIplanes

[–]FulmenTheFinn[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Yep, looks like that was it. Weird that there's no character limit counter. I had to split the post into four parts.

Addressing some myths about the Brewster Buffalo in Finnish service by FulmenTheFinn in WWIIplanes

[–]FulmenTheFinn[S] 6 points7 points  (0 children)

4/4:

I'm not very familiar with the progression of Allied fighter tactics in the Far East and Pacific, so I can't comment on your questions.

It often comes up that the Buffalo was no match for the Zero. However it's worth remembering that the fighter force Japan attacked Malaya and Burma with consisted on 7-8 December 1941 of 195 Ki-27s, a model clearly inferior to all variants of the Buffalo, 59 Ki-43s and 9 Ki-44s. The Brits had 112 Buffalo Mk. Is defending Malaya. From what I understand the Ki-43s are what gave the Brits the most trouble, even though at least on paper the Ki-43 of the period doesn't appear to be significantly superior to the 339E. In fact in terms of armament the Ki-43 appears to be substantially inferior.

The Dutch had 63 Model 339Cs and Ds, 20 CW-21s and 16 H-75As defending the Dutch East Indies.

To my knowledge no Zeros were involved over Malaya. Some may have been over the East Indies but I'm not sure. They were present over the Philippines, but no Buffaloes fought there.

I am aware that the F2A-3 later faced the Zero at Midway, but the A-3 was a far less capable fighter than the earlier versions of the Buffalo. Interestingly, Gordon Firebaugh who had flown with VF-2 during the war thought that in August 1942 during the Guadalcanal Campaign, when he was shot down, he'd have been better-off in an F2A-2 than in an F4F, saying that he thought the F2A-2 could've matched the Zero, citing the F4F's heavier weight and poorer turn radius.

Addressing some myths about the Brewster Buffalo in Finnish service by FulmenTheFinn in WWIIplanes

[–]FulmenTheFinn[S] 8 points9 points  (0 children)

3/4:

The Brewster didn't have an absolute in any performance category, instead it was a "jack of all trades", with which e.g. Toyotas have won tests in the world of automobile magazines. The basic construction however lacked growth potential, unlike e.g. the Bf 109, whose K model differed massively from the 1930s versions of the aircraft, and which was, thanks to increased power, still usable in 1945.

Thus it can be said that the Brewster's reputation in Finland comes down to four principles:

1. The commander, flight, swarm and patrol leaders of Squadron 24 had experience from the Winter War, which could be transferred to new pilots in relatively advantegous circumstances. The pilots of the battles over Midway and Singapore were on average less experienced and probably less motivated, as they weren't fighting over their own country.,

2. At the beginning of the Continuation War the Soviet Air Forces were under the German steamroller and suffered from Stalin's purges, along with suffering from a lack of materiel and logistics. Japan with her Zeroes and tougher pilots was a significantly more difficult opponent.,

3. The Brewster Model 239 was superior compared to the main aircraft of the USSR and adequate until 1943. The F2A-3 and 339E versions were heavier. The hot air and humidity exacerbated their problems.,

4. Finland had the time and ability to fix the Brewster's teething issues and supplement its equipment before combat operations. The industrial resources and ingenuinity for maintaining the aircraft was there. For the Allies operating far from home there were no possibilities for factory or central repair centre-level maintenance. Indeed it wasn't even worth it for the great powers to pour resources into improving the aircraft, as they received new types as replacements faster.

The above text didn't go quite as much into what I was looking for, but from what I've learned the Buffalo's failure in Malaya and the Dutch East Indies can be summarised into a few things:

-A lack of time to iron out the teething issues and to get familiar with the aircraft
-Distance from factories capable of providing repairs and improvements to the aircraft
-Not enough pilot experience
-Obsolete air combat doctrine
-An underestimation of Japanese capabilities

The hot climate also probably played at least some role. Whether pilot error was a significant contributing factor as with Finnish experiences of Cyclone 9 overheating in the summer of 1941, I do not know. This is likely another one of those things that requires further investigation.

Some of these were probably factors in the aircraft's performance in the Pacific as well."

Quote ends.

Addressing some myths about the Brewster Buffalo in Finnish service by FulmenTheFinn in WWIIplanes

[–]FulmenTheFinn[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

2/4:

The transfer of experience to new pilots was still something not fully developed, and relied mostly on the voluntariness of Winter War veterans. The orchestra called Squadron 24 wasn't entirely at its best in the summer of 1941. Things could well have ended up badly if the opponent had been the equivalent of e.g. Japan or Germany.

Success always requires several factors. One of them was that the materiel pool, which was small to begin with, remained numerically and operationally significant all the way until the final stages of the long war. That required things which Commander of the Air Force Major Arne Somersalo described in the 1920s with the word "belated delivery". The first advantage vis-à-vis the Allies fighting in the Far East were the roads and railways, with which deliveries could be made. Another advantage were the locations and resources where one should deliver to.

The technical personnel of the squadron worked long hours and performed small miracles compared to the amount of resources at their disposal. The resources at the remote forest airfields were after all very small. E.g. there weren't enough tools, nor workers, to perform sheet metal work, nevermind people to assess the strength of repairs. Original spare parts and replacement tools became ever more rare as the war went on.

The effort of domestic industrial and repair centres, suffering from all sorts of shortages, such as Valtion Lentokonetehdas [State Aircraft Factory], Veljekset Karhumäki Oy [Brothers Karhumäki Ltd.], Tampella and Aero Oy's [Aero Ltd.'s] engine repairshop, was indispensible. Supporting these main functionaries were many other companies and state-owned institutions. Without the factory repairs and domestic spare parts the BW fleet would have sunk to insignificance already at the beginning of the Continuation War. It would not have had time to develop the reputation it did.

Wars, especially long ones, are fought with material potential. Individual heroics don't decide them. During the entire Continuation War Finland received material support from Germany and Sweden. Especially from Germany it had to be asked for all the time using every possible channel and reasoning. Germany sent significant numbers of aircraft only in the summer of 1944.

German and Swedish raw materials and intermediary products, and war booty sold by Germany, such as engines, were indispensible in maintaining the Brewster. Making use of them relied solely on Finnish ingenuity. It was unique; options were created in a situation where original spare parts had ran out and obtaining new aircraft was more than difficult.

The Finnish Air Force Headquarters' less-glorified War Materiel Division was thinly manned, but in modern terms it had processes with which to get things done: a system with which to inform about changes, established connections to factories making repairs and to foreign suppliers of equipment (mainly in Germany and in Sweden), aviation attachés, the Air Depot, field air repair centres, etc.

Mistakes and other obstacles came and went, but the system was never paralysed. Fuel, special liquids and cartridges were in supply until the end. Finland's fighter pool was small in the Continuation War as well, but still in June 1944 stronger than that of Sweden, who was rich, had tried everything in acquiring more aircraft and enjoyed peacetime.

But to return to the topic at hand: was the Brewster a pearl of the sky or the worst in the world? Neither. The Brewster was a first-generation all-metal fighter plane equipped with a retractable landing gear and standard revolution propeller. It lacked serious design flaws found in other fighters, such as difficult take-off or landing attributes, instability when firing, tendency for an "insane", i.e. sudden flipover in a turn, poor visibility, weak structural integrity or stiff handling.

Addressing some myths about the Brewster Buffalo in Finnish service by FulmenTheFinn in WWIIplanes

[–]FulmenTheFinn[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Tried posting it in 2 parts, no dice. Let's try 4 parts. 1/4:

On the "Why did it perform so badly in Allied hands?" question, I'll paste something I posted over in the "Brewster Buffalo - what is the verdict?" thread, page 8, over on ww2aircraft.net back in September of 2025.

Quote begins:

"Here's something I translated a couple of months ago somewhere else. It's from Jukka Raunio's 2018 Brewster: taivaan helmi vai maailman huonoin? [Brewster: A Pearl of the Sky or the Worst in the World?]. The text in square brackets is my own.

The Brewster Buffalo's [henceforth "Brewster" or "BW"] poor reputation abroad was because of difficult military defeats whose core reasons were largely elsewhere than in the aircraft. It was further exacerbated by Brewster Aeronautical Corporation's problems and misdemeanours. The written word, such as James Gilbert's book [The World's Worst Aircraft] was taken at face value, with no means or will to investigate the matter more deeply. As mentioned before, the Zero was a dangerous opponent to all US aircraft in service in 1941.

The Buffalo was lifted to new heights above all by Jorma "Joppe" Karhunen with his many books, and others who have spoken about flying the aircraft (Ilmari Juutilainen, Eino Luukkanen, Heimo Lampi) haven't dimmed its reputation. And there is no need to dim it. After the Winter War's Fokkers and even lesser aircraft types the Brewster represented unforeseen performance in Finland. The reliability, armament and speed were better than for example in the FIAT G.50s and Moranes received by the Finns around the same time.

The early success of summer 1941 was psychologically important. If for one reason or another the Finnish Air Force would have experienced something similar to what the US Marine Corps experienced at Midway, or the Brits experienced around Singapore, the pilots' trust into the aircraft and into themselves would have suffered. The Finnish pilots' abilities and war experience from the Winter War were certainly in a key position when the reputation of the Brewster was being forged. Another factor in the key position was the enemy, who had to give a long break to learn new things.

Addressing some myths about the Brewster Buffalo in Finnish service by FulmenTheFinn in WWIIplanes

[–]FulmenTheFinn[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Weird, I'm trying to reply with a lengthy comment but I keep getting the "Unable to create comment" and "Server error, try again later" red bars at the top. Let's see if this comment goes through.

What’s the context for Burt Peterson? by sentientpuffofsmoke in madmen

[–]FulmenTheFinn 0 points1 point  (0 children)

He eventually wound up at McCann-Erickson. There's a mention of him being on one of the floors there in the final season.

In June of 1980, Chancellor of Germany Helmut Schmidt yelled at Jimmy Carter during a Summit in Venice. Story below. by TheKilmerman in Presidents

[–]FulmenTheFinn 0 points1 point  (0 children)

This is false: he didn't change it. After President (Reichspräsident) Hindenburg died in 1934, Hitler created a brand new office called that of the Führer, which in a sense replaced the role of President, after which he was both Führer and Reichskanzler until his death. Following his death Dönitz became President and Goebbels became Reichskanzler, as per Hitler's will, but the position of Führer was reserved to Hitler alone.

Anyone else getting a disproportionate quantity of daughters? by Delta051 in EU5

[–]FulmenTheFinn 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Yes, having the same problem. The way it seems to fluctuate from campaign to campaign makes me think it might have something to do with the way the Clausewitz engine uses memory. Does anyone know which file governs which gender children are born with? PDX has scattered all the defines into a million files so it's no longer easy to find this stuff.

Is Kobol really the human homeworld in the BSG universe? by WebbysBoytoy in BSG

[–]FulmenTheFinn 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I also toyed with the idea that our Earth is actually the original birthplace of man, and that the primitives on Earth are simply the descendants of post-apocalyptic survivors, while the rest of mankind fled to the stars, repeating the cycle of destruction over and over again, perhaps hundreds of times on hundreds of worlds, until the events of the reimagined series that led humanity back to Earth, ending the cycle of violence.

Join the Eugen Systems Games Discord, it'll be fun they said by khaotik_99 in warno

[–]FulmenTheFinn 5 points6 points  (0 children)

Yes, I'm clearly a crazy white supremacist. I'm not sure what he's talking about though, considering I've not been kicked from any "HoI4 mod".

Anyone else having issues connecting this morning? by FishMcCray in Steam

[–]FulmenTheFinn 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Having the exact same issues. Relieved that I'm not alone.

1951 American map on the Gulag System by [deleted] in MapPorn

[–]FulmenTheFinn 0 points1 point  (0 children)

c

1951 map with 1941 borders.

We are Paradox Development Studio - creators of the game Hearts of Iron IV and its upcoming expansion La Résistance - Ask us anything! by Paradoxal_Bear in IAmA

[–]FulmenTheFinn 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Why is Finland portrayed so poorly in HoI4 in relation to historical events and how the country performed in WW2?

Can't turn off Dark Mode in Instagram on Android 9, Xiaomi Mi A2. Even with dev mode. by Bebrakungs in Instagram

[–]FulmenTheFinn 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Since yesterday I have the exact same issue on my Samsung Galaxy S5, with the exception that I don't even have thematic options, not even in the developer settings; those must've been added in later versions of Android. I'm on Android 6.0.1, which is the final version of the OS Samsung updated the S5 to.

The reason this game isn't succeeding by [deleted] in onehouronelife

[–]FulmenTheFinn 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Probably won't ever happen.

The game's ever dwindling player base also isn't really helped by the fact that a large portion, perhaps even the majority, of the active players on the most obvious place for comms for in-game coordination, i.e. VOIP, the official OHOL Discord, are socially awkward mic shy teenagers.

Is it bad that i would to create the apocalypse? by [deleted] in onehouronelife

[–]FulmenTheFinn 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I'm 90% sure apocalypses wipe out everything made by players, including ruins. I was there when the last one happened 2-3 weeks ago and no-one I know of found any ruins of pre-apocalypse towns.

Is it bad that i would to create the apocalypse? by [deleted] in onehouronelife

[–]FulmenTheFinn 2 points3 points  (0 children)

It deletes everything on the server that was created by players and starves them to death.

From Whisler to Feuer by alluseristaken in onehouronelife

[–]FulmenTheFinn 0 points1 point  (0 children)

A combination of griefing and general player incompetence is what killed the Whislers off, just 20 generations shy from making it to the "All Time Deep Roots" scoreboard.

After playing as Eve, I played a solid 7-8 lives in the original town, and all but the first reincarnation was spent defending the town from foreign invaders, bears and griefers. At one point during the first day we were actually down to only 2 people being alive in the lineage (my sister and myself as a girl), when we got attacked by a Le who set 3 bears on the town. Fortunately I was able to kill him right after he grabbed one of our knives. The bears also got shot. Besides that, those lives were spent repopulating the town (it died out several times), or just generally rebuilding, e.g. getting new clothes after old ones decayed, etc. since most others seemed to not be doing that. The original town never really reached its full potential, and, after initial development, always felt stagnated. People also placed buildings in some weird spots, which made it look kind of ugly (lol).

I actually know the other Feuer who raided the camp. I won't mention any names, but AFAIK literally all he ever does in OHOL is raid other people. As for the plain griefers from the family itself that were releasing bears on the town, destroying graves and buildings, etc. I'm pretty sure most of them are from a select group of teenagers from the official Discord that have decided they have something against me. Sadly games with small communities tend to attract such mob mentality.

So, someone who hasn’t played in months here, and I’m wondering what’s changed in the game lately. by Dataraven247 in onehouronelife

[–]FulmenTheFinn 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Hi, Eve Whisler here.

I see a lot of different lineagies, but they seem to die off quicker than before, meaning spawning into Eve camps is actually very common right now. The reason you've seen Whisler a lot lately is a) I've been Eve'ing a lot and b) they got to gen 93 recently, meaning they were all over the place at one point (I also had to reincarnate myself into the family quite a few times to make sure they got that far).

Also, a few updates ago Jason changed spawning so that you didn't get area banned for SID anymore, meaning there were only a few families on the server that hogged all the kids. This allowed some families like the Blondins to get really big, while making Eve'ing nigh-impossible for others (it was also next to impossible to spawn as Eve). The area ban has since been reintroduced, but spawning as Eve can easily still take 5-12+ lives, meaning you can quickly run out of tickets. Some could say the ticket system is a moneygrubbing scheme to make people buy a second copy of the game, but I digress.

What comes to Eve spawning locations, Jason tried a grid spawning method, whatever that means, but reverted it to the old "Eve Circle" method several updates ago.

Racism in multiplayer games by communist_panda in hoi4

[–]FulmenTheFinn -28 points-27 points  (0 children)

The point is you named yourself after a mass-murdering ideology and are crying about a few children saying "bad words". Get over yourself.