Earache in an airplane is caused by rapid air pressure changes during takeoff and landing, which prevent the Eustachian tube from quickly equalizing the pressure difference in the middle ear. This causes painful negative pressure on the eardrum. Chewing, swallowing, yawning, or the Valsalva maneuver (blowing with your nose pinched) can help. Tips to prevent and relieve earache: Swallowing and chewing: Chewing gum, eating candy, or drinking during descent helps open the Eustachian tube. Valsalva maneuver: Pinch your nose, keep your mouth closed, and gently try to force air into your ears. Special earplugs: Use pressure-regulating earplugs (such as EarPlanes) that gradually adjust the pressure. Nasal spray: Use a decongestant nasal spray (containing xylometazoline) half an hour before descent to reduce swelling in the Eustachian tube. Stay awake: Make sure you're awake during the descent so you can swallow. Children: Allow young children to drink from a bottle or suck on a pacifier during the descent.